{"id":"b495990c-9147-5ce3-9786-37f1105b46ba","stable_key":"44737fa3-b335-53f4-a644-b9878d4416ac:creatine-muscle-loading","predicate":"increased","statement":"Oral creatine loading increased muscle total creatine, with larger increases in participants with lower starting concentrations.","claim_class":"observational","status":"source_derived_draft","evidence_grade":"ungraded","direction":"context_dependent","is_public":true,"mechanism_event_id":"366b36b9-7a31-5135-b61a-946414eda5fd","mechanism_event_label":"People with lower initial muscle stores tended to retain more in this experiment.","subject":{"id":"9f5df558-ed3d-5cda-b5ca-0f90f7aa6a8c","slug":"creatine","display_name":"Creatine","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"object":{"id":"3967d176-4a04-5f81-b264-b57cd5114890","slug":"muscle-total-creatine","display_name":"Skeletal-muscle total creatine content","entity_type_key":"cellular_process"},"evidence_count":1,"mechanism_event":{"id":"366b36b9-7a31-5135-b61a-946414eda5fd","stable_key":"44737fa3-b335-53f4-a644-b9878d4416ac:creatine-muscle-loading-event","event_type":"observed_intervention","label":"People with lower initial muscle stores tended to retain more in this experiment.","description":"Oral creatine loading increased muscle total creatine, with larger increases in participants with lower starting concentrations.","status":"provisional","compartment":null,"participants":[{"entity":{"id":"9f5df558-ed3d-5cda-b5ca-0f90f7aa6a8c","slug":"creatine","display_name":"Creatine","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"role":"subject","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":0,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"3967d176-4a04-5f81-b264-b57cd5114890","slug":"muscle-total-creatine","display_name":"Skeletal-muscle total creatine content","entity_type_key":"cellular_process"},"role":"target","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":1,"notes":""}]},"contexts":[{"dimension":"evidence_span","value_text":"{\"source_cache\": \"artifacts/creatine-research/1327657.abstract.txt\", \"locator\": \"Exact primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets\", \"file_sha256\": \"3ae0516c0f0465293ac00446b6a863fa2d791a750258a11b532c1247fdb47bd6\", \"start_char\": 0, \"end_char\": 1573, \"text_sha256\": \"3ae0516c0f0465293ac00446b6a863fa2d791a750258a11b532c1247fdb47bd6\"}","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"experimental_model","value_text":"Oral loading with muscle biopsies","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"exposure","value_text":"5 g creatine four to six times daily for two or more days","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"limitations","value_text":"Loading study, not evidence that everyone is deficient; the indexed abstract is truncated and no unreported exercise effect is extracted.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"nutrient_topic","value_text":"Creatine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":{"slug":"creatine","display_name":"Creatine","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"}},{"dimension":"organism","value_text":"17 human participants","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"plain_language","value_text":"People with lower initial muscle stores tended to retain more in this experiment.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"primary_references","value_text":"[creatine-p1327657] Elevation of creatine in resting and exercised muscle of normal subjects by creatine supplementation. (1992). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1327657/ DOI: 10.1042/cs0830367","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"tissue_or_cell_type","value_text":"Skeletal muscle and blood","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null}],"evidence":[{"id":"d3db6faf-3ca7-539d-8c0c-911e8a72af3e","evidence_kind":"source_excerpt","locator":"Lines 932-943","start_line":932,"end_line":943,"excerpt":"### creatine-muscle-loading\nOral creatine loading increased muscle total creatine, with larger increases in participants with lower starting concentrations.\nCondition category: normal\nnutrient_topic: Creatine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect.\nplain_language: People with lower initial muscle stores tended to retain more in this experiment.\norganism: 17 human participants\ntissue_or_cell_type: Skeletal muscle and blood\nexperimental_model: Oral loading with muscle biopsies\nlimitations: Loading study, not evidence that everyone is deficient; the indexed abstract is truncated and no unreported exercise effect is extracted.\nexposure: 5 g creatine four to six times daily for two or more days\nevidence_span: {\"source_cache\": \"artifacts/creatine-research/1327657.abstract.txt\", \"locator\": \"Exact primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets\", \"file_sha256\": \"3ae0516c0f0465293ac00446b6a863fa2d791a750258a11b532c1247fdb47bd6\", \"start_char\": 0, \"end_char\": 1573, \"text_sha256\": \"3ae0516c0f0465293ac00446b6a863fa2d791a750258a11b532c1247fdb47bd6\"}\n[creatine-p1327657] Elevation of creatine in resting and exercised muscle of normal subjects by creatine supplementation. (1992). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1327657/ DOI: 10.1042/cs0830367","model_system":"Oral loading with muscle biopsies","directness":"author_interpretation","verification_status":"source_derived_draft","notes":"Exact curation-document quotation, not publisher quotation. Study references: [creatine-p1327657] Elevation of creatine in resting and exercised muscle of normal subjects by creatine supplementation. (1992). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1327657/ DOI: 10.1042/cs0830367","relationship":"supports","weight":1.0,"link_notes":"","source":{"id":"70358046-c5c3-5e9a-9fc9-eb01c3fff88b","stable_key":"import-44737fa3-b335-53f4-a644-b9878d4416ac","title":"Creatine: synthesis, transport, phosphocreatine energetics and nutrient interactions (2026-09-17)","document_type":"imported_text","citation_label":"AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text.","file_path":"","sha256":"548237d3e98a73a7dc02181807921fdd8b902adcee46248792258a761593eda9","revision_id":"88738255-8028-52fb-9c12-0fe92d8ce367","review_status":"unverified_draft","notes":""}}],"relations":[],"conflicts":[],"corrections":[],"research":null}