{"id":"b44d5aea-c134-5954-8915-b9f9ce3b950a","stable_key":"e3f6ce02-0bd7-5103-acc1-68503ab6751b:mouse-ne","predicate":"increases_in_recorded_comparison","statement":"Chronic ALCAR increased hippocampal noradrenaline content in healthy mice.","claim_class":"observational","status":"source_recorded","evidence_grade":"ungraded","direction":"positive","is_public":true,"mechanism_event_id":"221c5553-4df4-5c2d-91a6-1d40ffa32c6d","mechanism_event_label":"Chronic ALCAR increased hippocampal noradrenaline content in healthy mice.","subject":{"id":"5ce394a9-6ec6-56dd-866f-37d85c0556e4","slug":"acetylcarnitine","display_name":"Acetyl-L-carnitine","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"object":{"id":"03e96b3e-5d83-5bd8-b486-cec26d5b3074","slug":"mouse-hippocampal-noradrenaline","display_name":"Mouse hippocampal noradrenaline content","entity_type_key":"cellular_process"},"evidence_count":1,"mechanism_event":{"id":"221c5553-4df4-5c2d-91a6-1d40ffa32c6d","stable_key":"e3f6ce02-0bd7-5103-acc1-68503ab6751b:mouse-ne-event","event_type":"experimental_observation","label":"Chronic ALCAR increased hippocampal noradrenaline content in healthy mice.","description":"### mouse-ne\n\nChronic ALCAR increased hippocampal noradrenaline content in healthy mice.\nTissue content is not release or receptor activation.\nModel and exposure: Healthy mice; approximately 0.5 g/kg/day in drinking water for 25 days, followed by 13C-glucose tracing.\nLimitations: Limited to the recorded preparation, model, exposure and endpoint. Does not establish a human dietary deficiency, clinical benefit or unique molecular mediation.\nReference: Chronic acetyl-L-carnitine alters brain energy metabolism and increases noradrenaline and serotonin content in healthy mice. | 2012 | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22549035/ | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuint.2012.04.008 | Access: Indexed primary abstract/metadata only; unextracted doses, figures and methods remain unknown.","status":"provisional","compartment":null,"participants":[{"entity":{"id":"5ce394a9-6ec6-56dd-866f-37d85c0556e4","slug":"acetylcarnitine","display_name":"Acetyl-L-carnitine","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"role":"tested factor","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"Chronic ALCAR","sequence_order":0,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"03e96b3e-5d83-5bd8-b486-cec26d5b3074","slug":"mouse-hippocampal-noradrenaline","display_name":"Mouse hippocampal noradrenaline content","entity_type_key":"cellular_process"},"role":"measured outcome","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"increase","sequence_order":1,"notes":""}]},"contexts":[{"dimension":"evidence_access","value_text":"Indexed primary abstract/metadata only; unextracted doses, figures and methods remain unknown.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"experimental_contrast","value_text":"{\"intervention\": \"Chronic ALCAR\", \"comparator\": \"Untreated control mice\", \"endpoint\": \"Chronic ALCAR increased hippocampal noradrenaline content in healthy mice.\", \"effect_direction\": \"increase\", \"combination\": \"single\", \"conditions\": []}","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"Explicit extracted experimental comparison; source-derived draft.","entity":null},{"dimension":"experimental_model","value_text":"Healthy mice; approximately 0.5 g/kg/day in drinking water for 25 days, followed by 13C-glucose tracing.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"interpretation_status","value_text":"Source-derived curation with stated access limits; ungraded, not independent replication.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"limitations","value_text":"Limited to the recorded preparation, model, exposure and endpoint. Does not establish a human dietary deficiency, clinical benefit or unique molecular mediation.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"nutrient_topic","value_text":"Acetyl-L-carnitine collection; exact intervention and molecular form govern interpretation.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":{"slug":"acetylcarnitine","display_name":"Acetyl-L-carnitine","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"}},{"dimension":"plain_language","value_text":"Chronic ALCAR increased hippocampal noradrenaline content in healthy mice.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"primary_references","value_text":"Chronic acetyl-L-carnitine alters brain energy metabolism and increases noradrenaline and serotonin content in healthy mice. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22549035/ | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuint.2012.04.008","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"source_locator","value_text":"Reviewed reference mouse-ne; Tissue content is not release or receptor activation.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null}],"evidence":[{"id":"1296b4f9-f48d-5530-b376-9e538729905d","evidence_kind":"source_excerpt","locator":"Lines 372-378","start_line":372,"end_line":378,"excerpt":"### mouse-ne\n\nChronic ALCAR increased hippocampal noradrenaline content in healthy mice.\nTissue content is not release or receptor activation.\nModel and exposure: Healthy mice; approximately 0.5 g/kg/day in drinking water for 25 days, followed by 13C-glucose tracing.\nLimitations: Limited to the recorded preparation, model, exposure and endpoint. Does not establish a human dietary deficiency, clinical benefit or unique molecular mediation.\nReference: Chronic acetyl-L-carnitine alters brain energy metabolism and increases noradrenaline and serotonin content in healthy mice. | 2012 | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22549035/ | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuint.2012.04.008 | Access: Indexed primary abstract/metadata only; unextracted doses, figures and methods remain unknown.","model_system":"Healthy mice; approximately 0.5 g/kg/day in drinking water for 25 days, followed by 13C-glucose tracing.","directness":"reported_statement","verification_status":"source_recorded","notes":"Original paraphrase in the retained reviewed reference, not a verbatim primary-paper quotation. Access level is explicit.","relationship":"supports","weight":1.0,"link_notes":"","source":{"id":"2588f904-245a-597a-8a12-65118013fb90","stable_key":"import-e3f6ce02-0bd7-5103-acc1-68503ab6751b","title":"Acetyl-L-carnitine: detailed mechanisms of action (reviewed 6 October 2026)","document_type":"imported_text","citation_label":"AI-assisted original review of primary studies and clearly identified official records. Exact primary access is stated; no independent replication is claimed.","file_path":"","sha256":"84cc82d6fbb0fd5d73c4ce779e9f88e7f0184ba2d29b18ad0f153815380f2975","revision_id":"dac7a950-dbe5-5c7a-9c70-2ea711d5c71a","review_status":"source_recorded","notes":""}}],"relations":[],"conflicts":[],"corrections":[],"research":null}