{"id":"b31de4ab-ccd6-5b21-9e3d-6a3bce2b5d8f","stable_key":"c8c7aa13-14c6-5f5c-9afc-9217d0f2f736:hfcs-tumor-growth","predicate":"enhances","statement":"Restricted daily HFCS gavage increased large and high-grade intestinal tumors in Apc-deficient mice without inducing obesity.","claim_class":"mechanistic","status":"source_derived_draft","evidence_grade":"ungraded","direction":"positive","is_public":true,"mechanism_event_id":"154dd513-f6a3-5f48-844f-ea185582981f","mechanism_event_label":"Restricted daily HFCS gavage increased large and high-grade intestinal tumors in Apc-deficient mice without inducing obesity.","subject":{"id":"9e77d6b7-d2b2-5fd5-a42a-6c4ff1885abf","slug":"hfcs-55","display_name":"HFCS-55","entity_type_key":"chemical_species"},"object":{"id":"d2ac5d20-cda7-5e65-8806-8f976a56531c","slug":"apc-deficient-mouse-intestinal-tumor-growth","display_name":"Growth of established intestinal tumors in Apc-deficient mice","entity_type_key":"cellular_process"},"evidence_count":1,"mechanism_event":{"id":"154dd513-f6a3-5f48-844f-ea185582981f","stable_key":"c8c7aa13-14c6-5f5c-9afc-9217d0f2f736:hfcs-tumor-growth-event","event_type":"observed_relationship","label":"Restricted daily HFCS gavage increased large and high-grade intestinal tumors in Apc-deficient mice without inducing obesity.","description":"Restricted daily HFCS gavage increased large and high-grade intestinal tumors in Apc-deficient mice without inducing obesity.","status":"provisional","compartment":null,"participants":[{"entity":{"id":"9e77d6b7-d2b2-5fd5-a42a-6c4ff1885abf","slug":"hfcs-55","display_name":"HFCS-55","entity_type_key":"chemical_species"},"role":"subject","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":0,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"d2ac5d20-cda7-5e65-8806-8f976a56531c","slug":"apc-deficient-mouse-intestinal-tumor-growth","display_name":"Growth of established intestinal tumors in Apc-deficient mice","entity_type_key":"cellular_process"},"role":"target","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":1,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"832b1926-18e7-5b76-8dc4-bad8ed234645","slug":"high-fructose-corn-syrup","display_name":"High-Fructose Corn Syrup / HFCS","entity_type_key":"chemical_species"},"role":"context_participant","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":2,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"3c379840-5688-5b5d-84c0-5950b4fd8f17","slug":"fructose","display_name":"Fructose","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"role":"context_participant","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":3,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"8ae7848b-f172-5e09-8acf-5ca914907b0b","slug":"glucose","display_name":"D-glucose","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"role":"context_participant","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":4,"notes":""}]},"contexts":[{"dimension":"dose","value_text":"400 microliters of 25% HFCS solution daily, approximately 3% of mouse daily calories","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"duration","value_text":"8 weeks; acute bolus for ATP analysis","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"evidence_access","value_text":"Primary full-text methods/results and metadata inspected.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"evidence_scope","value_text":"literature_reviewed; source-specific curation","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"experimental_model","value_text":"Genetically Apc-deficient mice predisposed to intestinal adenomas","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"exposure_scope","value_text":"Direct HFCS in predisposed mice","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"limitations","value_text":"Growth of predisposed mouse tumors, not initiation of cancer in healthy humans. Total tumor number was similar in the main comparison; human-equivalent risk is unresolved.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"nutrient_topic","value_text":"HFCS chapter: actual formulation studies, component biochemistry and interventions are explicitly distinguished.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":{"slug":"high-fructose-corn-syrup","display_name":"High-Fructose Corn Syrup / HFCS","entity_type_key":"chemical_species"}},{"dimension":"organism","value_text":"Genetically Apc-deficient mice predisposed to intestinal adenomas","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"plain_language","value_text":"Restricted daily HFCS gavage increased large and high-grade intestinal tumors in Apc-deficient mice without inducing obesity.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"primary_references","value_text":"High-fructose corn syrup enhances intestinal tumor growth in mice. (2019). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30898933/ DOI: 10.1126/science.aat8515","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"route","value_text":"Oral gavage; Khk or Fasn deletion where specified","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"tissue","value_text":"Tumor size/grade and metabolic perturbations","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null}],"evidence":[{"id":"66383d7c-f304-5636-8559-53d0b225c5e8","evidence_kind":"source_excerpt","locator":"Lines 617-627","start_line":617,"end_line":627,"excerpt":"## hfcs-tumor-growth\nRestricted daily HFCS gavage increased large and high-grade intestinal tumors in Apc-deficient mice without inducing obesity.\nModel/species: Genetically Apc-deficient mice predisposed to intestinal adenomas\nTissue: Tumor size/grade and metabolic perturbations\nExposure: 400 microliters of 25% HFCS solution daily, approximately 3% of mouse daily calories\nRoute: Oral gavage; Khk or Fasn deletion where specified\nDuration: 8 weeks; acute bolus for ATP analysis\nExposure scope: Direct HFCS in predisposed mice\nLimits: Growth of predisposed mouse tumors, not initiation of cancer in healthy humans. Total tumor number was similar in the main comparison; human-equivalent risk is unresolved.\nReference: High-fructose corn syrup enhances intestinal tumor growth in mice. (2019). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30898933/ DOI: 10.1126/science.aat8515\nAccess: Primary full-text methods/results and metadata inspected.","model_system":"Genetically Apc-deficient mice predisposed to intestinal adenomas","directness":"reported_statement","verification_status":"source_derived_draft","notes":"Exact original curation span, not a publisher quotation; provenance retained.","relationship":"supports","weight":1.0,"link_notes":"","source":{"id":"e863ddf6-7c1e-5a70-8335-7f3ac3eeee92","stable_key":"import-c8c7aa13-14c6-5f5c-9afc-9217d0f2f736","title":"High-Fructose Corn Syrup: mechanism of action and metabolic impact (2026-09-20)","document_type":"imported_text","citation_label":"Original AI-assisted curation of twenty primary studies and official FDA composition information, with one reused canonical glucose-transport claim. Study-specific citations, negative findings and limitations retained. Not publisher full text.","file_path":"","sha256":"f4721923a83b368d549ba110a4f8c8738026210b32f6d29f3bd3200aa420f3b3","revision_id":"45827d73-cb6d-5aff-969b-af364b74b168","review_status":"unverified_draft","notes":""}}],"relations":[],"conflicts":[],"corrections":[],"research":null}