{"id":"ad6a7b7e-a9e0-512f-9b54-8e6262fe9e39","stable_key":"18100170-a014-51c3-adeb-9dab4162b8cc:aged-tumor","predicate":"increases_in_recorded_experiment","statement":"Thymulin treatment improved antitumor immune responses and anti-PD-L1 responsiveness in aged tumor-bearing mice.","claim_class":"observational","status":"source_recorded","evidence_grade":"ungraded","direction":"positive","is_public":true,"mechanism_event_id":"a49d2e39-9411-5507-838d-15d96e0e68f8","mechanism_event_label":"Thymulin treatment improved antitumor immune responses and anti-PD-L1 responsiveness in aged tumor-bearing mice.","subject":{"id":"23819462-9bdf-5856-beac-68b3dca9cf85","slug":"thymulin","display_name":"Thymulin","entity_type_key":"peptide"},"object":{"id":"268eb725-dec5-5a04-8d16-f265eaec46f2","slug":"mouse-tumor-immune-response","display_name":"Antitumor immune response in aged mice","entity_type_key":"cellular_process"},"evidence_count":1,"mechanism_event":{"id":"a49d2e39-9411-5507-838d-15d96e0e68f8","stable_key":"18100170-a014-51c3-adeb-9dab4162b8cc:aged-tumor-event","event_type":"experimental_observation","label":"Thymulin treatment improved antitumor immune responses and anti-PD-L1 responsiveness in aged tumor-bearing mice.","description":"In aged tumor-bearing mice, treatment improved antitumor immune responses and anti-PD-L1 responsiveness. These findings support a downstream NF-κB-associated mechanism in those models. They do not demonstrate immediate direct inhibition of IKK, identify a thymulin receptor, show human cancer efficacy, or establish zinc deficiency as the cause of the tumors. [2026 primary study](https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-026-75383-0)","status":"provisional","compartment":null,"participants":[{"entity":{"id":"23819462-9bdf-5856-beac-68b3dca9cf85","slug":"thymulin","display_name":"Thymulin","entity_type_key":"peptide"},"role":"tested factor","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"Thymulin regimen","sequence_order":0,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"268eb725-dec5-5a04-8d16-f265eaec46f2","slug":"mouse-tumor-immune-response","display_name":"Antitumor immune response in aged mice","entity_type_key":"cellular_process"},"role":"measured outcome","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"increase","sequence_order":1,"notes":""}]},"contexts":[{"dimension":"evidence_access","value_text":"Full text obtained; relevant results/methods inspected. This does not assert exhaustive figure/data reanalysis.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"experimental_condition","value_text":"peptide exposure","comparator":"Zinc-matched control","unit":null,"notes":"Condition belongs to the full experimental contrast; do not separate a joint intervention.","entity":{"slug":"thymulin","display_name":"Thymulin","entity_type_key":"peptide"}},{"dimension":"experimental_condition","value_text":"equimolar zinc","comparator":"Zinc-matched control","unit":null,"notes":"Condition belongs to the full experimental contrast; do not separate a joint intervention.","entity":{"slug":"zinc-ion","display_name":"Zinc(II) ion","entity_type_key":"ion"}},{"dimension":"experimental_contrast","value_text":"{\"intervention\": \"Thymulin regimen\", \"comparator\": \"Zinc-matched control\", \"endpoint\": \"Thymulin treatment improved antitumor immune responses and anti-PD-L1 responsiveness in aged tumor-bearing mice.\", \"effect_direction\": \"increase\", \"combination\": \"joint\", \"conditions\": [{\"entity_slug\": \"thymulin\", \"state\": \"peptide exposure\"}, {\"entity_slug\": \"zinc-ion\", \"state\": \"equimolar zinc\"}]}","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"Explicit extracted experimental comparison; source-derived draft.","entity":null},{"dimension":"experimental_model","value_text":"Aged mouse tumors; thymulin plus equimolar zinc versus zinc-matched controls, including anti-PD-L1 combinations.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"interpretation_status","value_text":"Source-derived extraction of a fact-checked reference; access is explicit, not independent raw-data verification.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"limitations","value_text":"Interpret only within the recorded preparation, exposure and comparator. The complete source passage retains qualifications; unspecified doses/timing have not been extracted here. No clinical efficacy, nutrient deficiency or unique molecular mediation is inferred.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"plain_language","value_text":"Thymulin treatment improved antitumor immune responses and anti-PD-L1 responsiveness in aged tumor-bearing mice.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"primary_references","value_text":"Thymulin restrains age-associated myeloid inflammation and enhances cancer immunotherapy. | 2026 | DOI 10.1038/s41467-026-75383-0 | PMID 42481458 | https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-026-75383-0","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"source_locator","value_text":"Reviewed reference lines 80-80; exact primary location described in quoted passage where extracted.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null}],"evidence":[{"id":"74670090-1de9-598a-ad63-747b3bb9b4f7","evidence_kind":"source_excerpt","locator":"Lines 80-80","start_line":80,"end_line":80,"excerpt":"In aged tumor-bearing mice, treatment improved antitumor immune responses and anti-PD-L1 responsiveness. These findings support a downstream NF-κB-associated mechanism in those models. They do not demonstrate immediate direct inhibition of IKK, identify a thymulin receptor, show human cancer efficacy, or establish zinc deficiency as the cause of the tumors. [2026 primary study](https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-026-75383-0)","model_system":"Aged mouse tumors; thymulin plus equimolar zinc versus zinc-matched controls, including anti-PD-L1 combinations.","directness":"reported_statement","verification_status":"source_recorded","notes":"Exact excerpt of the retained AI-assisted reviewed reference; primary sources are cited in primary_references and access scope is retained. 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