{"id":"ac490c59-0dde-581c-af76-b4dc3ec1e970","stable_key":"4d8e4781-3878-5818-8d0a-7dbd6e024555:chromium-vitd-tnf","predicate":"with_or_without_vitamin_d3_reduces","statement":"TNF-alpha decreased in the vitamin-D3, chromium and combined-treatment groups.","claim_class":"observational","status":"source_derived_draft","evidence_grade":"ungraded","direction":"negative","is_public":true,"mechanism_event_id":"f03488d6-5f98-57d1-9dfe-bd6066fa035b","mechanism_event_label":"The inflammatory marker changed in several active-treatment groups; this does not establish why HOMA-IR differed.","subject":{"id":"89d5d39c-2663-5e0c-8eae-562a5b25a47d","slug":"chromium-iii-picolinate","display_name":"Chromium(III) picolinate / CrPic","entity_type_key":"chemical_species"},"object":{"id":"c55bbd88-fc99-5354-b866-f94121de52c8","slug":"circulating-tnf-alpha-concentration","display_name":"Circulating tumor necrosis factor alpha concentration","entity_type_key":"cellular_process"},"evidence_count":1,"mechanism_event":{"id":"f03488d6-5f98-57d1-9dfe-bd6066fa035b","stable_key":"4d8e4781-3878-5818-8d0a-7dbd6e024555:chromium-vitd-tnf-event","event_type":"observed_intervention","label":"The inflammatory marker changed in several active-treatment groups; this does not establish why HOMA-IR differed.","description":"TNF-alpha decreased in the vitamin-D3, chromium and combined-treatment groups.","status":"provisional","compartment":null,"participants":[{"entity":{"id":"b162e431-b442-5400-9335-ec91f7875a4e","slug":"cholecalciferol","display_name":"Cholecalciferol","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"role":"co_intervention","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":0,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"89d5d39c-2663-5e0c-8eae-562a5b25a47d","slug":"chromium-iii-picolinate","display_name":"Chromium(III) picolinate / CrPic","entity_type_key":"chemical_species"},"role":"subject","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":1,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"c55bbd88-fc99-5354-b866-f94121de52c8","slug":"circulating-tnf-alpha-concentration","display_name":"Circulating tumor necrosis factor alpha concentration","entity_type_key":"cellular_process"},"role":"target","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":2,"notes":""}]},"contexts":[{"dimension":"evidence_span","value_text":"{\"source_cache\": \"artifacts/chromium-research/31593637.abstract.txt\", \"locator\": \"Exact primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets\", \"file_sha256\": \"9815b482cfc5655a11a3192ca21b47c903e8722a3b9b9e7d770e92e9fb94bfa9\", \"start_char\": 0, \"end_char\": 1523, \"text_sha256\": \"9815b482cfc5655a11a3192ca21b47c903e8722a3b9b9e7d770e92e9fb94bfa9\"}","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"experimental_model","value_text":"Four-arm randomized supplementation trial; 92 participants","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"exposure","value_text":"Four months; vitamin D3 50,000 IU/week, chromium picolinate reported as 500 µg/day, both or placebo","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"limitations","value_text":"Study regimens are historical exposures, not recommendations. Stable versus rising HOMA-IR does not show direct mediation by TNF-alpha; no molecular target was tested.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"nutrient_topic","value_text":"Chromium research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":{"slug":"chromium","display_name":"Chromium","entity_type_key":"nutrient_element"}},{"dimension":"organism","value_text":"Human with type 2 diabetes","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"plain_language","value_text":"The inflammatory marker changed in several active-treatment groups; this does not establish why HOMA-IR differed.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"primary_references","value_text":"[chromium-p31593637] The effects of chromium and vitamin D3 co-supplementation on insulin resistance and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in type 2 diabetes: a randomized placebo-controlled trial. (2020). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31593637/ DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2019-0113","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"tissue_or_cell_type","value_text":"Blood glycemia, HOMA-IR and TNF-alpha","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null}],"evidence":[{"id":"e75a4768-1647-5783-8ab4-fbdf07f3a38d","evidence_kind":"source_excerpt","locator":"Lines 666-677","start_line":666,"end_line":677,"excerpt":"### chromium-vitd-tnf\nTNF-alpha decreased in the vitamin-D3, chromium and combined-treatment groups.\nCondition category: normal\nnutrient_topic: Chromium research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect.\nplain_language: The inflammatory marker changed in several active-treatment groups; this does not establish why HOMA-IR differed.\norganism: Human with type 2 diabetes\ntissue_or_cell_type: Blood glycemia, HOMA-IR and TNF-alpha\nexperimental_model: Four-arm randomized supplementation trial; 92 participants\nlimitations: Study regimens are historical exposures, not recommendations. Stable versus rising HOMA-IR does not show direct mediation by TNF-alpha; no molecular target was tested.\nexposure: Four months; vitamin D3 50,000 IU/week, chromium picolinate reported as 500 µg/day, both or placebo\nevidence_span: {\"source_cache\": \"artifacts/chromium-research/31593637.abstract.txt\", \"locator\": \"Exact primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets\", \"file_sha256\": \"9815b482cfc5655a11a3192ca21b47c903e8722a3b9b9e7d770e92e9fb94bfa9\", \"start_char\": 0, \"end_char\": 1523, \"text_sha256\": \"9815b482cfc5655a11a3192ca21b47c903e8722a3b9b9e7d770e92e9fb94bfa9\"}\n[chromium-p31593637] The effects of chromium and vitamin D3 co-supplementation on insulin resistance and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in type 2 diabetes: a randomized placebo-controlled trial. 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