{"id":"a520671f-5611-580b-badf-90bb9638b441","stable_key":"dc8975b1-95ff-5d9b-be17-a1c04610cca7:mo-aox-retinoic-acid","predicate":"oxidizes","statement":"Recombinant human AOX converted all-trans-retinaldehyde to all-trans-retinoic acid, with an apparent Km near 1.5 micromolar.","claim_class":"mechanistic","status":"source_derived_draft","evidence_grade":"ungraded","direction":"context_dependent","is_public":true,"mechanism_event_id":"359d478e-6af4-507c-99f8-ed8eea645f5d","mechanism_event_label":"A molybdenum enzyme can contribute to making vitamin A signaling molecules.","subject":{"id":"dcc4b976-aeb9-5dbd-8916-6507714db779","slug":"aox1","display_name":"Human aldehyde oxidase 1 / AOX1","entity_type_key":"protein"},"object":{"id":"194eccf2-c7a5-52a6-a0c6-1c1f6d0f3a3e","slug":"all-trans-retinal","display_name":"All-trans-retinal","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"evidence_count":1,"mechanism_event":{"id":"359d478e-6af4-507c-99f8-ed8eea645f5d","stable_key":"dc8975b1-95ff-5d9b-be17-a1c04610cca7:mo-aox-retinoic-acid-event","event_type":"biochemical_relationship","label":"A molybdenum enzyme can contribute to making vitamin A signaling molecules.","description":"Recombinant human AOX converted all-trans-retinaldehyde to all-trans-retinoic acid, with an apparent Km near 1.5 micromolar.","status":"provisional","compartment":null,"participants":[{"entity":{"id":"05487b29-8c59-5af8-83cf-cf9c79c5ecb8","slug":"all-trans-retinoic-acid","display_name":"All-trans-retinoic acid","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"role":"product","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":0,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"dcc4b976-aeb9-5dbd-8916-6507714db779","slug":"aox1","display_name":"Human aldehyde oxidase 1 / AOX1","entity_type_key":"protein"},"role":"subject","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":1,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"194eccf2-c7a5-52a6-a0c6-1c1f6d0f3a3e","slug":"all-trans-retinal","display_name":"All-trans-retinal","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"role":"target","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":2,"notes":""}]},"contexts":[{"dimension":"evidence_span","value_text":"{\"source_cache\": \"artifacts/molybdenum-research/33355213.abstract.txt\", \"locator\": \"Exact primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets\", \"file_sha256\": \"0edb31bff85231dfbde4a99d6858db611c099d2cd00982cad88616aa960b5aa2\", \"start_char\": 0, \"end_char\": 2211, \"text_sha256\": \"0edb31bff85231dfbde4a99d6858db611c099d2cd00982cad88616aa960b5aa2\"}","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"experimental_model","value_text":"Recombinant human AOX and human liver S9 kinetics, inhibitors and protein quantification","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"exposure","value_text":"Retinaldehyde with/without NAD+; selective inhibitors","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"limitations","value_text":"Ex-vivo contribution depends on substrate and NAD+ availability; no dietary molybdenum intervention or universal in-vivo percentage.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"nutrient_topic","value_text":"Molybdenum research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":{"slug":"molybdenum","display_name":"Molybdenum","entity_type_key":"nutrient_element"}},{"dimension":"organism","value_text":"Homo sapiens","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"plain_language","value_text":"A molybdenum enzyme can contribute to making vitamin A signaling molecules.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"primary_references","value_text":"[mo-p33355213] Aldehyde Oxidase Contributes to All-Trans-Retinoic Acid Biosynthesis in Human Liver. (2021). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33355213/ DOI: 10.1124/dmd.120.000296","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"tissue_or_cell_type","value_text":"Purified enzyme and liver S9 fractions","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null}],"evidence":[{"id":"147b3b21-2680-525f-915c-582f7681dcb1","evidence_kind":"source_excerpt","locator":"Lines 898-909","start_line":898,"end_line":909,"excerpt":"### mo-aox-retinoic-acid\nRecombinant human AOX converted all-trans-retinaldehyde to all-trans-retinoic acid, with an apparent Km near 1.5 micromolar.\nCondition category: normal\nnutrient_topic: Molybdenum research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect.\nplain_language: A molybdenum enzyme can contribute to making vitamin A signaling molecules.\norganism: Homo sapiens\ntissue_or_cell_type: Purified enzyme and liver S9 fractions\nexperimental_model: Recombinant human AOX and human liver S9 kinetics, inhibitors and protein quantification\nlimitations: Ex-vivo contribution depends on substrate and NAD+ availability; no dietary molybdenum intervention or universal in-vivo percentage.\nexposure: Retinaldehyde with/without NAD+; selective inhibitors\nevidence_span: {\"source_cache\": \"artifacts/molybdenum-research/33355213.abstract.txt\", \"locator\": \"Exact primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets\", \"file_sha256\": \"0edb31bff85231dfbde4a99d6858db611c099d2cd00982cad88616aa960b5aa2\", \"start_char\": 0, \"end_char\": 2211, \"text_sha256\": \"0edb31bff85231dfbde4a99d6858db611c099d2cd00982cad88616aa960b5aa2\"}\n[mo-p33355213] Aldehyde Oxidase Contributes to All-Trans-Retinoic Acid Biosynthesis in Human Liver. (2021). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33355213/ DOI: 10.1124/dmd.120.000296","model_system":"Recombinant human AOX and human liver S9 kinetics, inhibitors and protein quantification","directness":"author_interpretation","verification_status":"source_derived_draft","notes":"Exact curation-document quotation, not publisher quotation. Study references: [mo-p33355213] Aldehyde Oxidase Contributes to All-Trans-Retinoic Acid Biosynthesis in Human Liver. (2021). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33355213/ DOI: 10.1124/dmd.120.000296","relationship":"supports","weight":1.0,"link_notes":"","source":{"id":"1aa6da60-8284-5252-8dd9-ac2250d5ced5","stable_key":"import-dc8975b1-95ff-5d9b-be17-a1c04610cca7","title":"Molybdenum: cofactor assembly, sulfur metabolism and nutrient interactions (2026-09-17)","document_type":"imported_text","citation_label":"AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. 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