{"id":"a50d00ea-024d-5ebd-ba1a-28793040aa51","stable_key":"5102beb6-9f61-500e-af10-9ac63649e0b7:k-depletion-proximal-glul","predicate":"depletion-decreases","statement":"Diet-induced hypokalemia decreased glutamine synthetase expression throughout the mouse proximal tubule.","claim_class":"mechanistic","status":"source_derived_draft","evidence_grade":"ungraded","direction":"negative","is_public":true,"mechanism_event_id":"85542899-9821-5d64-8238-829db6ef646a","mechanism_event_label":"Less ammonia-recycling enzyme was present in this compartment, potentially leaving more ammonia available for excretion.","subject":{"id":"87435e1d-e1cd-57da-984b-203b2f5f29a4","slug":"potassium","display_name":"Potassium","entity_type_key":"nutrient_element"},"object":{"id":"d38cfc9c-9372-5e5f-8d91-03098155a3c6","slug":"glul","display_name":"Glutamine synthetase / GLUL","entity_type_key":"protein"},"evidence_count":1,"mechanism_event":{"id":"85542899-9821-5d64-8238-829db6ef646a","stable_key":"5102beb6-9f61-500e-af10-9ac63649e0b7:k-depletion-proximal-glul-event","event_type":"biochemical_relationship","label":"Less ammonia-recycling enzyme was present in this compartment, potentially leaving more ammonia available for excretion.","description":"Diet-induced hypokalemia decreased glutamine synthetase expression throughout the mouse proximal tubule.","status":"provisional","compartment":null,"participants":[{"entity":{"id":"87435e1d-e1cd-57da-984b-203b2f5f29a4","slug":"potassium","display_name":"Potassium","entity_type_key":"nutrient_element"},"role":"upstream","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":0,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"d38cfc9c-9372-5e5f-8d91-03098155a3c6","slug":"glul","display_name":"Glutamine synthetase / GLUL","entity_type_key":"protein"},"role":"downstream","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":1,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"8637bb39-2c30-5168-baaf-3e613d831db0","slug":"glutamine","display_name":"L-Glutamine","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"role":"recycled-product","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":2,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"7da684a4-2641-5bc6-93ae-8c6aa384e487","slug":"glutamate","display_name":"L-Glutamate","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"role":"substrate","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":3,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"e923077b-9786-5ab9-b23b-638777ac6a85","slug":"ammonium-ion","display_name":"Ammonium ion","entity_type_key":"ion"},"role":"substrate","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":4,"notes":""}]},"contexts":[{"dimension":"availability_state","value_text":"nutrient_deficiency","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"Imported condition classification; unverified.","entity":null},{"dimension":"endpoint","value_text":"Diet-induced hypokalemia decreased glutamine synthetase expression throughout the mouse proximal tubule.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"experimental-exposure","value_text":"Mice fed a nominally potassium-free diet for 12 days; renal immunolabeling and protein/RNA assays.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"experimental_model","value_text":"Mice fed a nominally potassium-free diet for 12 days; renal immunolabeling and protein/RNA assays.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"limitations","value_text":"Expression and localization were measured; the quantitative contribution of GLUL to total flux was not isolated.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"nutrient_topic","value_text":"Potassium research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":{"slug":"potassium","display_name":"Potassium","entity_type_key":"nutrient_element"}},{"dimension":"organism","value_text":"Mus musculus","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"plain_language","value_text":"Less ammonia-recycling enzyme was present in this compartment, potentially leaving more ammonia available for excretion.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"primary_references","value_text":"[verlander-2013-gs] Expression of glutamine synthetase in the mouse kidney: localization in multiple epithelial cell types and differential regulation by hypokalemia (2013). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23804452/ DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00030.2013","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"tissue_or_cell_type","value_text":"renal proximal tubule","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"trigger_kind","value_text":"nutrient_deficiency","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"Imported condition classification; unverified.","entity":null}],"evidence":[{"id":"2b9037cb-fa20-5cac-869b-54ffd10bbdbf","evidence_kind":"source_excerpt","locator":"Lines 1028-1039","start_line":1028,"end_line":1039,"excerpt":"### k-depletion-proximal-glul\nDiet-induced hypokalemia decreased glutamine synthetase expression throughout the mouse proximal tubule.\nCondition category: nutrient_deficiency\nnutrient_topic: Potassium research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect.\nplain_language: Less ammonia-recycling enzyme was present in this compartment, potentially leaving more ammonia available for excretion.\norganism: Mus musculus\ntissue_or_cell_type: renal proximal tubule\nexperimental_model: Mice fed a nominally potassium-free diet for 12 days; renal immunolabeling and protein/RNA assays.\nlimitations: Expression and localization were measured; the quantitative contribution of GLUL to total flux was not isolated.\nexperimental-exposure: Mice fed a nominally potassium-free diet for 12 days; renal immunolabeling and protein/RNA assays.\nendpoint: Diet-induced hypokalemia decreased glutamine synthetase expression throughout the mouse proximal tubule.\n[verlander-2013-gs] Expression of glutamine synthetase in the mouse kidney: localization in multiple epithelial cell types and differential regulation by hypokalemia (2013). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23804452/ DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00030.2013","model_system":"Mice fed a nominally potassium-free diet for 12 days; renal immunolabeling and protein/RNA assays.","directness":"author_interpretation","verification_status":"source_derived_draft","notes":"Exact curation-document quotation, not publisher quotation. Study references: [verlander-2013-gs] Expression of glutamine synthetase in the mouse kidney: localization in multiple epithelial cell types and differential regulation by hypokalemia (2013). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23804452/ DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00030.2013","relationship":"supports","weight":1.0,"link_notes":"","source":{"id":"241226ee-6b7d-5cc7-9781-e6beb8ee1982","stable_key":"import-5102beb6-9f61-500e-af10-9ac63649e0b7","title":"Potassium: cross-nutrient mechanisms and deficiency (2026-09-17)","document_type":"imported_text","citation_label":"AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text.","file_path":"","sha256":"a8f89f8d84b48c0f93048dfc45f7f57a67dd9a7249968a096a14aeb03d8b7a52","revision_id":"de4ec6f4-58a1-537b-8169-97b783898df1","review_status":"unverified_draft","notes":""}}],"relations":[],"conflicts":[],"corrections":[],"research":null}