{"id":"a4157db3-e12b-57d3-9631-9f12b4b924ca","stable_key":"7484635e-cc8f-5cd6-a978-6dc5775a7db5:berberine-intestinal-efflux","predicate":"contributes_to_secretory_transport_of","statement":"Berberine basolateral-to-apical flux exceeded absorptive flux by approximately 30-fold; P-glycoprotein substrates inhibited the secretory flux.","claim_class":"mechanistic","status":"source_derived_draft","evidence_grade":"ungraded","direction":"context_dependent","is_public":true,"mechanism_event_id":"80d83717-49e6-54ae-a1df-bb699047e73b","mechanism_event_label":"An intestinal efflux route can limit net absorption in the model.","subject":{"id":"c6139b52-4140-5622-9e33-1f6c6385265d","slug":"abcb1","display_name":"Human P-glycoprotein / ABCB1 / MDR1","entity_type_key":"protein"},"object":{"id":"7bbe0633-b2f1-510f-adc0-3c4d0ddad05d","slug":"berberine","display_name":"Berberine","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"evidence_count":1,"mechanism_event":{"id":"80d83717-49e6-54ae-a1df-bb699047e73b","stable_key":"7484635e-cc8f-5cd6-a978-6dc5775a7db5:berberine-intestinal-efflux-event","event_type":"biochemical_relationship","label":"An intestinal efflux route can limit net absorption in the model.","description":"Berberine basolateral-to-apical flux exceeded absorptive flux by approximately 30-fold; P-glycoprotein substrates inhibited the secretory flux.","status":"provisional","compartment":null,"participants":[{"entity":{"id":"c6139b52-4140-5622-9e33-1f6c6385265d","slug":"abcb1","display_name":"Human P-glycoprotein / ABCB1 / MDR1","entity_type_key":"protein"},"role":"subject","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":0,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"7bbe0633-b2f1-510f-adc0-3c4d0ddad05d","slug":"berberine","display_name":"Berberine","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"role":"target","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":1,"notes":""}]},"contexts":[{"dimension":"evidence_span","value_text":"{\"source_cache\": \"artifacts/berberine-research/12434406.abstract.txt\", \"locator\": \"Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets\", \"file_sha256\": \"489bc53e580f5a13cf3320ba724b6e83572a9f71f9eee9c2f1b255d7ebd26be2\", \"start_char\": 0, \"end_char\": 1594, \"text_sha256\": \"489bc53e580f5a13cf3320ba724b6e83572a9f71f9eee9c2f1b255d7ebd26be2\"}","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"experimental_model","value_text":"Bidirectional transport assays","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"exposure","value_text":"Berberine transport and pretreatment","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"limitations","value_text":"Caco-2 secretion is not a quantitative human drug-interaction study. Competing substrates implicate P-glycoprotein but do not make every substrate a clinical interaction.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"nutrient_topic","value_text":"Berberine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":{"slug":"berberine","display_name":"Berberine","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"}},{"dimension":"organism","value_text":"Human Caco-2 cells","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"plain_language","value_text":"An intestinal efflux route can limit net absorption in the model.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"primary_references","value_text":"[berberine-p12434406] P-glycoprotein-mediated transport of berberine across Caco-2 cell monolayers. (2002). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12434406/ DOI: 10.1002/jps.10268","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"tissue_or_cell_type","value_text":"Intestinal epithelial model","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null}],"evidence":[{"id":"8a3d25b9-d0ed-5d34-b065-f53c46c99b6b","evidence_kind":"source_excerpt","locator":"Lines 246-257","start_line":246,"end_line":257,"excerpt":"### berberine-intestinal-efflux\nBerberine basolateral-to-apical flux exceeded absorptive flux by approximately 30-fold; P-glycoprotein substrates inhibited the secretory flux.\nCondition category: normal\nnutrient_topic: Berberine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect.\nplain_language: An intestinal efflux route can limit net absorption in the model.\norganism: Human Caco-2 cells\ntissue_or_cell_type: Intestinal epithelial model\nexperimental_model: Bidirectional transport assays\nlimitations: Caco-2 secretion is not a quantitative human drug-interaction study. Competing substrates implicate P-glycoprotein but do not make every substrate a clinical interaction.\nexposure: Berberine transport and pretreatment\nevidence_span: {\"source_cache\": \"artifacts/berberine-research/12434406.abstract.txt\", \"locator\": \"Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets\", \"file_sha256\": \"489bc53e580f5a13cf3320ba724b6e83572a9f71f9eee9c2f1b255d7ebd26be2\", \"start_char\": 0, \"end_char\": 1594, \"text_sha256\": \"489bc53e580f5a13cf3320ba724b6e83572a9f71f9eee9c2f1b255d7ebd26be2\"}\n[berberine-p12434406] P-glycoprotein-mediated transport of berberine across Caco-2 cell monolayers. (2002). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12434406/ DOI: 10.1002/jps.10268","model_system":"Bidirectional transport assays","directness":"author_interpretation","verification_status":"source_derived_draft","notes":"Exact curation-document quotation, not publisher quotation. Study references: [berberine-p12434406] P-glycoprotein-mediated transport of berberine across Caco-2 cell monolayers. (2002). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12434406/ DOI: 10.1002/jps.10268","relationship":"supports","weight":1.0,"link_notes":"","source":{"id":"9bb61e1d-e5cf-5b05-a9ca-409291f7a313","stable_key":"import-7484635e-cc8f-5cd6-a978-6dc5775a7db5","title":"Berberine: metabolism, nutrient connections and drug interactions (2026-09-17)","document_type":"imported_text","citation_label":"AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text.","file_path":"","sha256":"2f376a035ae79c93e62e2ea4a8d5385643bf16553f108d12b6a80c89e6d41f4c","revision_id":"2a099429-1c4a-55be-aa2c-0565d08bda80","review_status":"unverified_draft","notes":""}}],"relations":[],"conflicts":[],"corrections":[],"research":null}