{"id":"a3ab7809-965b-5d35-807b-a6ac608415b1","stable_key":"4d8e4781-3878-5818-8d0a-7dbd6e024555:chromium-chromodulin-metal-dependence","predicate":"supports_assay_activity_of","statement":"The preparation’s ability to enhance insulin-receptor tyrosine-kinase activity depended on its chromium content.","claim_class":"mechanistic","status":"source_derived_draft","evidence_grade":"ungraded","direction":"context_dependent","is_public":true,"mechanism_event_id":"57d4a6b7-ba69-5da6-ae61-0de4f44ec7d2","mechanism_event_label":"Removing the preparation’s metal content reduced its assay effect; that does not establish dietary chromium deficiency in humans.","subject":{"id":"2d160bdf-c463-5f93-9e50-137f41a1f369","slug":"chromium-iii","display_name":"Trivalent chromium / Cr(III)","entity_type_key":"ion"},"object":{"id":"ea6e4ab5-46a0-5fb0-9b10-5a7b0b31024b","slug":"bovine-lmwcr-isolate","display_name":"Bovine liver low-molecular-weight chromium-binding isolate / chromodulin candidate","entity_type_key":"protein_complex"},"evidence_count":1,"mechanism_event":{"id":"57d4a6b7-ba69-5da6-ae61-0de4f44ec7d2","stable_key":"4d8e4781-3878-5818-8d0a-7dbd6e024555:chromium-chromodulin-metal-dependence-event","event_type":"biochemical_relationship","label":"Removing the preparation’s metal content reduced its assay effect; that does not establish dietary chromium deficiency in humans.","description":"The preparation’s ability to enhance insulin-receptor tyrosine-kinase activity depended on its chromium content.","status":"provisional","compartment":null,"participants":[{"entity":{"id":"0577c6ca-84b1-5773-a083-5970417b1810","slug":"rat-insr","display_name":"Rat insulin receptor / Insr","entity_type_key":"protein"},"role":"assay_target","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":0,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"2d160bdf-c463-5f93-9e50-137f41a1f369","slug":"chromium-iii","display_name":"Trivalent chromium / Cr(III)","entity_type_key":"ion"},"role":"subject","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":1,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"ea6e4ab5-46a0-5fb0-9b10-5a7b0b31024b","slug":"bovine-lmwcr-isolate","display_name":"Bovine liver low-molecular-weight chromium-binding isolate / chromodulin candidate","entity_type_key":"protein_complex"},"role":"target","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":2,"notes":""}]},"contexts":[{"dimension":"evidence_span","value_text":"{\"source_cache\": \"artifacts/chromium-research/9109644.abstract.txt\", \"locator\": \"Exact primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets\", \"file_sha256\": \"23e955cef071c135f3935f440f4e333d49f494f004ceb22574df717c86bb7283\", \"start_char\": 0, \"end_char\": 939, \"text_sha256\": \"23e955cef071c135f3935f440f4e333d49f494f004ceb22574df717c86bb7283\"}","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"experimental_model","value_text":"Isolated rat insulin receptor and adipocyte membrane kinase assays","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"exposure","value_text":"Insulin activation with added low-molecular-weight chromium-binding material","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"limitations","value_text":"Assay activity is distinct from proof of an endogenous human cofactor. The peptide preparation and its cellular origin remain disputed; chromium is not shown to be an obligatory catalytic metal of INSR.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"nutrient_topic","value_text":"Chromium research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":{"slug":"chromium","display_name":"Chromium","entity_type_key":"nutrient_element"}},{"dimension":"organism","value_text":"Rat receptor; isolated chromium oligopeptide preparation","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"plain_language","value_text":"Removing the preparation’s metal content reduced its assay effect; that does not establish dietary chromium deficiency in humans.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"primary_references","value_text":"[chromium-p9109644] Chromium oligopeptide activates insulin receptor tyrosine kinase activity. (1997). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9109644/ DOI: 10.1021/bi963154t","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"tissue_or_cell_type","value_text":"Purified receptor and membrane fragments","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null}],"evidence":[{"id":"6e4f100b-5553-5b4a-add2-d627cb887834","evidence_kind":"source_excerpt","locator":"Lines 276-287","start_line":276,"end_line":287,"excerpt":"### chromium-chromodulin-metal-dependence\nThe preparation’s ability to enhance insulin-receptor tyrosine-kinase activity depended on its chromium content.\nCondition category: normal\nnutrient_topic: Chromium research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect.\nplain_language: Removing the preparation’s metal content reduced its assay effect; that does not establish dietary chromium deficiency in humans.\norganism: Rat receptor; isolated chromium oligopeptide preparation\ntissue_or_cell_type: Purified receptor and membrane fragments\nexperimental_model: Isolated rat insulin receptor and adipocyte membrane kinase assays\nlimitations: Assay activity is distinct from proof of an endogenous human cofactor. The peptide preparation and its cellular origin remain disputed; chromium is not shown to be an obligatory catalytic metal of INSR.\nexposure: Insulin activation with added low-molecular-weight chromium-binding material\nevidence_span: {\"source_cache\": \"artifacts/chromium-research/9109644.abstract.txt\", \"locator\": \"Exact primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets\", \"file_sha256\": \"23e955cef071c135f3935f440f4e333d49f494f004ceb22574df717c86bb7283\", \"start_char\": 0, \"end_char\": 939, \"text_sha256\": \"23e955cef071c135f3935f440f4e333d49f494f004ceb22574df717c86bb7283\"}\n[chromium-p9109644] Chromium oligopeptide activates insulin receptor tyrosine kinase activity. (1997). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9109644/ DOI: 10.1021/bi963154t","model_system":"Isolated rat insulin receptor and adipocyte membrane kinase assays","directness":"author_interpretation","verification_status":"source_derived_draft","notes":"Exact curation-document quotation, not publisher quotation. Study references: [chromium-p9109644] Chromium oligopeptide activates insulin receptor tyrosine kinase activity. (1997). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9109644/ DOI: 10.1021/bi963154t","relationship":"supports","weight":1.0,"link_notes":"","source":{"id":"fa96342a-ca01-5425-98d9-d50e29bf0abd","stable_key":"import-4d8e4781-3878-5818-8d0a-7dbd6e024555","title":"Chromium: transport, insulin signaling, nutrient interactions and essentiality debate (2026-09-17)","document_type":"imported_text","citation_label":"AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. 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