{"id":"a3a627ec-7926-5dd1-9265-71172e564146","stable_key":"104835a3-b891-5dc4-a6bb-42ab7c6f96c4:butyrate-macrophage-hdac3","predicate":"inhibits","statement":"HDAC3 inhibition and HDAC3 siRNA supported the HDAC3-dependent differentiation program induced by butyrate in human macrophages.","claim_class":"mechanistic","status":"source_derived_draft","evidence_grade":"ungraded","direction":"context_dependent","is_public":true,"mechanism_event_id":"b195ba56-cb38-59ec-9dd8-9a422cf19a73","mechanism_event_label":"A chromatin enzyme helped explain the antimicrobial program.","subject":{"id":"e7428a7f-d35a-5406-9904-a88984814833","slug":"butyrate","display_name":"Butyrate","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"object":{"id":"03ca3c36-ec13-5f8d-8a0b-f8744591ae37","slug":"hdac3","display_name":"Human histone deacetylase 3","entity_type_key":"protein"},"evidence_count":1,"mechanism_event":{"id":"b195ba56-cb38-59ec-9dd8-9a422cf19a73","stable_key":"104835a3-b891-5dc4-a6bb-42ab7c6f96c4:butyrate-macrophage-hdac3-event","event_type":"observed_relationship","label":"A chromatin enzyme helped explain the antimicrobial program.","description":"HDAC3 inhibition and HDAC3 siRNA supported the HDAC3-dependent differentiation program induced by butyrate in human macrophages.","status":"provisional","compartment":null,"participants":[{"entity":{"id":"e7428a7f-d35a-5406-9904-a88984814833","slug":"butyrate","display_name":"Butyrate","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"role":"subject","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":0,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"03ca3c36-ec13-5f8d-8a0b-f8744591ae37","slug":"hdac3","display_name":"Human histone deacetylase 3","entity_type_key":"protein"},"role":"target","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":1,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"d42547da-74a7-5b3a-9e0e-dfa4f1540079","slug":"human-butyrate-macrophage-killing","display_name":"Antimicrobial activity of butyrate-differentiated human macrophages","entity_type_key":"cellular_process"},"role":"context_participant","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":2,"notes":""}]},"contexts":[{"dimension":"evidence_access","value_text":"Primary full text, Figure 5","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"experimental_model","value_text":"Human donor macrophages; HDAC inhibitors and gene silencing.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"limitations","value_text":"Does not imply butyrate is selective for HDAC3 in every tissue.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"nutrient_topic","value_text":"Butyrate collection; molecular form, preparation, species, exposure and manipulation remain explicit.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":{"slug":"butyrate","display_name":"Butyrate","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"}},{"dimension":"plain_language","value_text":"A chromatin enzyme helped explain the antimicrobial program.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"primary_references","value_text":"The Short Chain Fatty Acid Butyrate Imprints an Antimicrobial Program in Macrophages. · 2019 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30683619/ · DOI 10.1016/j.immuni.2018.12.018","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null}],"evidence":[{"id":"a1c8fe49-ffcb-5a77-9f7d-df375431633d","evidence_kind":"source_excerpt","locator":"Lines 398-404","start_line":398,"end_line":404,"excerpt":"## butyrate-macrophage-hdac3\nA chromatin enzyme helped explain the antimicrobial program.\nHDAC3 inhibition and HDAC3 siRNA supported the HDAC3-dependent differentiation program induced by butyrate in human macrophages.\nModel: Human donor macrophages; HDAC inhibitors and gene silencing.\nLimitations: Does not imply butyrate is selective for HDAC3 in every tissue.\nEvidence access: Primary full text, Figure 5\nThe Short Chain Fatty Acid Butyrate Imprints an Antimicrobial Program in Macrophages. · 2019 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30683619/ · DOI 10.1016/j.immuni.2018.12.018","model_system":"Human donor macrophages; HDAC inhibitors and gene silencing.","directness":"reported_statement","verification_status":"source_derived_draft","notes":"Original curation paraphrase; evidence access and experimental limitations specified.","relationship":"supports","weight":1.0,"link_notes":"","source":{"id":"33205bb8-dcbe-5d2c-afca-86075d7748d1","stable_key":"import-104835a3-b891-5dc4-a6bb-42ab7c6f96c4","title":"Butyrate: microbial production, fuel use, signaling and nutrient interactions (2026-09-19)","document_type":"imported_text","citation_label":"AI-assisted research curation; primary-abstract references and experimental limitations individually identified. 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