{"id":"a2e62b2d-7b60-5797-a447-e56c4feb27f1","stable_key":"195e8b84-ca5a-591a-a045-c55c53c8a01c:sodium-salt-calciuria","predicate":"higher_intake_increases","statement":"The higher-salt diet increased urinary calcium excretion in the crossover trial (P=0.0008).","claim_class":"observational","status":"source_derived_draft","evidence_grade":"ungraded","direction":"context_dependent","is_public":true,"mechanism_event_id":"882f0e9e-6d50-5d78-8623-0477564a21e3","mechanism_event_label":"More dietary salt increased measured urinary calcium loss in these women.","subject":{"id":"f3fe99b8-4e4a-57cd-9a86-3651092c9f6c","slug":"sodium-chloride","display_name":"Sodium chloride","entity_type_key":"chemical_species"},"object":{"id":"538fbe5c-11da-5aa5-990f-e8be1aa7bc5a","slug":"urinary-calcium-excretion","display_name":"Urinary calcium excretion","entity_type_key":"cellular_process"},"evidence_count":1,"mechanism_event":{"id":"882f0e9e-6d50-5d78-8623-0477564a21e3","stable_key":"195e8b84-ca5a-591a-a045-c55c53c8a01c:sodium-salt-calciuria-event","event_type":"observed_intervention","label":"More dietary salt increased measured urinary calcium loss in these women.","description":"The higher-salt diet increased urinary calcium excretion in the crossover trial (P=0.0008).","status":"provisional","compartment":null,"participants":[{"entity":{"id":"e359bc15-e675-5d83-b0fe-1d70814e130b","slug":"calcium-ion","display_name":"Calcium ion","entity_type_key":"ion"},"role":"excreted_nutrient","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":0,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"f3fe99b8-4e4a-57cd-9a86-3651092c9f6c","slug":"sodium-chloride","display_name":"Sodium chloride","entity_type_key":"chemical_species"},"role":"subject","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":1,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"538fbe5c-11da-5aa5-990f-e8be1aa7bc5a","slug":"urinary-calcium-excretion","display_name":"Urinary calcium excretion","entity_type_key":"cellular_process"},"role":"target","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":2,"notes":""}]},"contexts":[{"dimension":"evidence_span","value_text":"{\"source_cache\": \"artifacts/sodium-research/18410231.abstract.txt\", \"locator\": \"Exact primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets\", \"file_sha256\": \"f831f038a6c4249510bbeeae68778a216f1c36aa440e33816072959d1a07fefa\", \"start_char\": 0, \"end_char\": 1558, \"text_sha256\": \"f831f038a6c4249510bbeeae68778a216f1c36aa440e33816072959d1a07fefa\"}","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"experimental_model","value_text":"Randomized crossover with stable-isotope calcium measures and compartmental modeling in 11 completers","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"exposure","value_text":"Four five-week calcium/salt diet combinations: 518 or 1284 mg calcium; 3.9 or 11.2 g salt daily","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"limitations","value_text":"Small study; bone balance was modeled, fractures were not measured. Salt means sodium chloride, not elemental sodium.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"nutrient_topic","value_text":"Sodium research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":{"slug":"sodium","display_name":"Sodium","entity_type_key":"nutrient_element"}},{"dimension":"organism","value_text":"Human postmenopausal women","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"plain_language","value_text":"More dietary salt increased measured urinary calcium loss in these women.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"primary_references","value_text":"[sodium-p18410231] Sodium and bone health: impact of moderately high and low salt intakes on calcium metabolism in postmenopausal women. (2008). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18410231/ DOI: 10.1359/jbmr.080408","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"tissue_or_cell_type","value_text":"Intestinal, renal and modeled skeletal calcium balance","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null}],"evidence":[{"id":"f97a5e66-0c72-5fbc-ba9a-d8063e52e4c4","evidence_kind":"source_excerpt","locator":"Lines 1097-1108","start_line":1097,"end_line":1108,"excerpt":"### sodium-salt-calciuria\nThe higher-salt diet increased urinary calcium excretion in the crossover trial (P=0.0008).\nCondition category: normal\nnutrient_topic: Sodium research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect.\nplain_language: More dietary salt increased measured urinary calcium loss in these women.\norganism: Human postmenopausal women\ntissue_or_cell_type: Intestinal, renal and modeled skeletal calcium balance\nexperimental_model: Randomized crossover with stable-isotope calcium measures and compartmental modeling in 11 completers\nlimitations: Small study; bone balance was modeled, fractures were not measured. Salt means sodium chloride, not elemental sodium.\nexposure: Four five-week calcium/salt diet combinations: 518 or 1284 mg calcium; 3.9 or 11.2 g salt daily\nevidence_span: {\"source_cache\": \"artifacts/sodium-research/18410231.abstract.txt\", \"locator\": \"Exact primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets\", \"file_sha256\": \"f831f038a6c4249510bbeeae68778a216f1c36aa440e33816072959d1a07fefa\", \"start_char\": 0, \"end_char\": 1558, \"text_sha256\": \"f831f038a6c4249510bbeeae68778a216f1c36aa440e33816072959d1a07fefa\"}\n[sodium-p18410231] Sodium and bone health: impact of moderately high and low salt intakes on calcium metabolism in postmenopausal women. 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