{"id":"9ed7cca7-d92f-5c34-8322-ebd8f4d2e778","stable_key":"d2e91bc7-8177-5ad3-ad9b-5d65813ce082:naringenin-intestinal-first-pass","predicate":"undergoes","statement":"Perfused mouse intestine absorbed naringenin well but returned mostly sulfate and then glucuronide metabolites to the lumen, indicating extensive intestinal first-pass metabolism.","claim_class":"mechanistic","status":"source_derived_draft","evidence_grade":"ungraded","direction":"positive","is_public":true,"mechanism_event_id":"3b50a449-552b-594e-b708-bb76a487b496","mechanism_event_label":"Perfused mouse intestine absorbed naringenin well but returned mostly sulfate and then glucuronide metabolites to the lumen, indicating extensive intestinal first-pass metabolism.","subject":{"id":"2a9350f6-01cc-5bea-8213-cd3ebb1b05cf","slug":"naringenin","display_name":"Naringenin","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"object":{"id":"75402f34-5b56-534f-8f98-72a18e2c123d","slug":"mouse-intestinal-first-pass-conjugation","display_name":"Mouse intestinal first-pass sulfate and glucuronide conjugation","entity_type_key":"cellular_process"},"evidence_count":1,"mechanism_event":{"id":"3b50a449-552b-594e-b708-bb76a487b496","stable_key":"d2e91bc7-8177-5ad3-ad9b-5d65813ce082:naringenin-intestinal-first-pass-event","event_type":"observed_relationship","label":"Perfused mouse intestine absorbed naringenin well but returned mostly sulfate and then glucuronide metabolites to the lumen, indicating extensive intestinal first-pass metabolism.","description":"Perfused mouse intestine absorbed naringenin well but returned mostly sulfate and then glucuronide metabolites to the lumen, indicating extensive intestinal first-pass metabolism.","status":"provisional","compartment":null,"participants":[{"entity":{"id":"2a9350f6-01cc-5bea-8213-cd3ebb1b05cf","slug":"naringenin","display_name":"Naringenin","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"role":"subject","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":0,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"75402f34-5b56-534f-8f98-72a18e2c123d","slug":"mouse-intestinal-first-pass-conjugation","display_name":"Mouse intestinal first-pass sulfate and glucuronide conjugation","entity_type_key":"cellular_process"},"role":"target","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":1,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"8d3fb1b0-bcda-52f6-9999-0259e2e56630","slug":"naringenin-sulfate-pool","display_name":"Naringenin sulfate conjugates","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"role":"context_participant","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":2,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"d7acec3a-1dbb-5111-8767-2cd739c8939e","slug":"naringenin-glucuronide-pool","display_name":"Naringenin glucuronide conjugates","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"role":"context_participant","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":3,"notes":""}]},"contexts":[{"dimension":"dose","value_text":"Naringenin 3.5 micrograms/mL","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"duration","value_text":"60 minutes","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"evidence_access","value_text":"Primary PubMed abstract and indexed metadata reviewed. 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(2015). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26083965/ DOI: 10.1017/S0007114515001671","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"route","value_text":"In-situ intestinal perfusion","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"tissue","value_text":"Permeability and phase-II metabolites","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null}],"evidence":[{"id":"586d639d-f96b-5e3b-87ee-9095bb17481d","evidence_kind":"source_excerpt","locator":"Lines 44-53","start_line":44,"end_line":53,"excerpt":"## naringenin-intestinal-first-pass\nPerfused mouse intestine absorbed naringenin well but returned mostly sulfate and then glucuronide metabolites to the lumen, indicating extensive intestinal first-pass metabolism.\nModel/species: Single-pass stomach, small-intestine and colon perfusion in mice\nTissue/system: Permeability and phase-II metabolites\nExposure: Naringenin 3.5 micrograms/mL\nRoute: In-situ intestinal perfusion\nDuration: 60 minutes\nLimits: Mouse permeability and metabolite fractions do not define human oral bioavailability.\nPrimary reference: High gastrointestinal permeability and local metabolism of naringenin: influence of antibiotic treatment on absorption and metabolism. (2015). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26083965/ DOI: 10.1017/S0007114515001671\nAccess: Primary PubMed abstract and indexed metadata reviewed. Full-text method details not stated here remain unresolved.","model_system":"Single-pass stomach, small-intestine and colon perfusion in mice","directness":"reported_statement","verification_status":"source_derived_draft","notes":"Exact original curation span with primary citation; not a publisher quotation.","relationship":"supports","weight":1.0,"link_notes":"","source":{"id":"2804932d-46eb-5c43-8a45-0505e6b1ee05","stable_key":"import-d2e91bc7-8177-5ad3-ad9b-5d65813ce082","title":"Naringenin: mechanism of action and interactions (2026-09-20)","document_type":"imported_text","citation_label":"Original AI-assisted source-specific curation with primary-study citations, model, exposure, route, duration, negative findings and limitations preserved. 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