{"id":"99a6a0e6-c118-5789-8ac5-f4d5f9253be2","stable_key":"e3f6ce02-0bd7-5103-acc1-68503ab6751b:crat-acetyl-donation","predicate":"reported_relationship","statement":"CrAT-mediated transfer of an acetyl group from ALCAR to CoA produces acetyl-CoA and free carnitine.","claim_class":"mechanistic","status":"source_recorded","evidence_grade":"ungraded","direction":"neutral","is_public":true,"mechanism_event_id":"cdf5df01-1822-5adc-be6c-360a2ae4e510","mechanism_event_label":"CrAT-mediated transfer of an acetyl group from ALCAR to CoA produces acetyl-CoA and free carnitine.","subject":{"id":"5ce394a9-6ec6-56dd-866f-37d85c0556e4","slug":"acetylcarnitine","display_name":"Acetyl-L-carnitine","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"object":{"id":"b7ed6e4c-e560-5cee-b68f-895f21862e6f","slug":"acetyl-coa","display_name":"Acetyl-CoA","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"evidence_count":1,"mechanism_event":{"id":"cdf5df01-1822-5adc-be6c-360a2ae4e510","stable_key":"e3f6ce02-0bd7-5103-acc1-68503ab6751b:crat-acetyl-donation-event","event_type":"biochemical_relationship","label":"CrAT-mediated transfer of an acetyl group from ALCAR to CoA produces acetyl-CoA and free carnitine.","description":"### crat-acetyl-donation\n\nCrAT-mediated transfer of an acetyl group from ALCAR to CoA produces acetyl-CoA and free carnitine.\nALCAR + CoASH ⇄ acetyl-CoA + L-carnitine. This direction consumes free CoA; acetyl-CoA-to-ALCAR formation releases it. Net flux depends on compartmental substrate/product activities, not the name of the supplement.\nModel and exposure: Reversible mammalian carnitine acetyltransferase reaction.\nLimitations: Limited to the recorded preparation, model, exposure and endpoint. Does not establish a human dietary deficiency, clinical benefit or unique molecular mediation.\nReference: Muscle-specific deletion of carnitine acetyltransferase compromises glucose tolerance and metabolic flexibility. | 2012 | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22560225/ | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3348515/ | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmet.2012.04.005 | Access: Primary full text: relevant Results/Methods and figure descriptions reviewed; supplements only where explicitly stated.\nReference: The cycling of acetyl-coenzyme A through acetylcarnitine buffers cardiac substrate supply: a hyperpolarized 13C magnetic resonance study. | 2012 | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22238215/ | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3378498/ | https://doi.org/10.1161/circimaging.111.969451 | Access: Primary full text: relevant Results/Methods and figure descriptions reviewed; supplements only where explicitly stated.","status":"provisional","compartment":null,"participants":[{"entity":{"id":"5ce394a9-6ec6-56dd-866f-37d85c0556e4","slug":"acetylcarnitine","display_name":"Acetyl-L-carnitine","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"role":"input","stoichiometry":1.0,"state_label":"","sequence_order":0,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"4faa6456-aff8-59eb-9e3f-3326a436e401","slug":"coenzyme-a","display_name":"Coenzyme A","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"role":"input","stoichiometry":1.0,"state_label":"","sequence_order":1,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"b7ed6e4c-e560-5cee-b68f-895f21862e6f","slug":"acetyl-coa","display_name":"Acetyl-CoA","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"role":"output","stoichiometry":1.0,"state_label":"","sequence_order":2,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"6e34c035-9371-578f-b799-fd2a14e9e40f","slug":"l-carnitine","display_name":"L-Carnitine","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"role":"output","stoichiometry":1.0,"state_label":"","sequence_order":3,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"507b3d2c-db75-51d1-823a-0677e0c1a0e8","slug":"human-crat","display_name":"Human carnitine acetyltransferase / CRAT","entity_type_key":"protein"},"role":"catalyst","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":4,"notes":""}]},"contexts":[{"dimension":"evidence_access","value_text":"Primary full text: relevant Results/Methods and figure descriptions reviewed; supplements only where explicitly stated.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"experimental_model","value_text":"Reversible mammalian carnitine acetyltransferase reaction.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"interpretation_status","value_text":"Source-derived curation with stated access limits; ungraded, not independent replication.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"limitations","value_text":"Limited to the recorded preparation, model, exposure and endpoint. Does not establish a human dietary deficiency, clinical benefit or unique molecular mediation.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"nutrient_topic","value_text":"Acetyl-L-carnitine collection; exact intervention and molecular form govern interpretation.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":{"slug":"acetylcarnitine","display_name":"Acetyl-L-carnitine","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"}},{"dimension":"plain_language","value_text":"CrAT-mediated transfer of an acetyl group from ALCAR to CoA produces acetyl-CoA and free carnitine.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"primary_references","value_text":"Muscle-specific deletion of carnitine acetyltransferase compromises glucose tolerance and metabolic flexibility. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22560225/ | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3348515/ | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmet.2012.04.005","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"primary_references","value_text":"The cycling of acetyl-coenzyme A through acetylcarnitine buffers cardiac substrate supply: a hyperpolarized 13C magnetic resonance study. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22238215/ | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3378498/ | https://doi.org/10.1161/circimaging.111.969451","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"source_locator","value_text":"Reviewed reference crat-acetyl-donation; ALCAR + CoASH ⇄ acetyl-CoA + L-carnitine. This direction consumes free CoA; acetyl-CoA-to-ALCAR formation releases it. Net flux depends on compartmental substrate/product activities, not the name of the supplement.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null}],"evidence":[{"id":"7c4231d6-d96d-57e2-8381-868599987590","evidence_kind":"source_excerpt","locator":"Lines 23-30","start_line":23,"end_line":30,"excerpt":"### crat-acetyl-donation\n\nCrAT-mediated transfer of an acetyl group from ALCAR to CoA produces acetyl-CoA and free carnitine.\nALCAR + CoASH ⇄ acetyl-CoA + L-carnitine. This direction consumes free CoA; acetyl-CoA-to-ALCAR formation releases it. Net flux depends on compartmental substrate/product activities, not the name of the supplement.\nModel and exposure: Reversible mammalian carnitine acetyltransferase reaction.\nLimitations: Limited to the recorded preparation, model, exposure and endpoint. Does not establish a human dietary deficiency, clinical benefit or unique molecular mediation.\nReference: Muscle-specific deletion of carnitine acetyltransferase compromises glucose tolerance and metabolic flexibility. | 2012 | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22560225/ | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3348515/ | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmet.2012.04.005 | Access: Primary full text: relevant Results/Methods and figure descriptions reviewed; supplements only where explicitly stated.\nReference: The cycling of acetyl-coenzyme A through acetylcarnitine buffers cardiac substrate supply: a hyperpolarized 13C magnetic resonance study. | 2012 | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22238215/ | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3378498/ | https://doi.org/10.1161/circimaging.111.969451 | Access: Primary full text: relevant Results/Methods and figure descriptions reviewed; supplements only where explicitly stated.","model_system":"Reversible mammalian carnitine acetyltransferase reaction.","directness":"reported_statement","verification_status":"source_recorded","notes":"Original paraphrase in the retained reviewed reference, not a verbatim primary-paper quotation. Access level is explicit.","relationship":"supports","weight":1.0,"link_notes":"","source":{"id":"2588f904-245a-597a-8a12-65118013fb90","stable_key":"import-e3f6ce02-0bd7-5103-acc1-68503ab6751b","title":"Acetyl-L-carnitine: detailed mechanisms of action (reviewed 6 October 2026)","document_type":"imported_text","citation_label":"AI-assisted original review of primary studies and clearly identified official records. Exact primary access is stated; no independent replication is claimed.","file_path":"","sha256":"84cc82d6fbb0fd5d73c4ce779e9f88e7f0184ba2d29b18ad0f153815380f2975","revision_id":"dac7a950-dbe5-5c7a-9c70-2ea711d5c71a","review_status":"source_recorded","notes":""}}],"relations":[],"conflicts":[],"corrections":[],"research":null}