{"id":"9853d751-745c-5e50-a7cb-d0b8438b27d8","stable_key":"b7014def-74ec-599e-8347-167e24fec1f0:glutamate-bbb-clearance","predicate":"supports_abluminal_uptake_of","statement":"Bovine brain-capillary membrane preparations contained EAAT1/2/3 on the abluminal side and showed voltage- and potassium-dependent glutamate uptake.","claim_class":"mechanistic","status":"source_derived_draft","evidence_grade":"ungraded","direction":"context_dependent","is_public":true,"mechanism_event_id":"aab867a7-9cf4-5ffc-b830-283766b263f5","mechanism_event_label":"The brain-facing barrier membrane participates in removing extracellular glutamate.","subject":{"id":"4bf47f96-c0aa-5b44-9ac3-1329641ffeab","slug":"bovine-bbb-eaat-transporters","display_name":"Bovine blood-brain-barrier EAAT1/EAAT2/EAAT3 transporter panel","entity_type_key":"cellular_process"},"object":{"id":"7da684a4-2641-5bc6-93ae-8c6aa384e487","slug":"glutamate","display_name":"L-Glutamate","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"evidence_count":1,"mechanism_event":{"id":"aab867a7-9cf4-5ffc-b830-283766b263f5","stable_key":"b7014def-74ec-599e-8347-167e24fec1f0:glutamate-bbb-clearance-event","event_type":"observed_relationship","label":"The brain-facing barrier membrane participates in removing extracellular glutamate.","description":"Bovine brain-capillary membrane preparations contained EAAT1/2/3 on the abluminal side and showed voltage- and potassium-dependent glutamate uptake.","status":"provisional","compartment":null,"participants":[{"entity":{"id":"4bf47f96-c0aa-5b44-9ac3-1329641ffeab","slug":"bovine-bbb-eaat-transporters","display_name":"Bovine blood-brain-barrier EAAT1/EAAT2/EAAT3 transporter panel","entity_type_key":"cellular_process"},"role":"subject","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":0,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"7da684a4-2641-5bc6-93ae-8c6aa384e487","slug":"glutamate","display_name":"L-Glutamate","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"role":"target","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":1,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"0e356d0e-3f7c-5718-b02f-3769dc2841de","slug":"bovine-slc1a3","display_name":"Bovine EAAT1 / Slc1a3","entity_type_key":"protein"},"role":"context_participant","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":2,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"5550643c-9a6b-5ea1-9fb8-370b8059e0ca","slug":"bovine-slc1a2","display_name":"Bovine EAAT2 / Slc1a2","entity_type_key":"protein"},"role":"context_participant","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":3,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"720d0ca8-a31e-578b-90bf-f378580fa4f2","slug":"bovine-slc1a1","display_name":"Bovine EAAT3 / Slc1a1","entity_type_key":"protein"},"role":"context_participant","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":4,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"38de8704-84db-5770-ac1d-242cd787e798","slug":"sodium-ion","display_name":"Sodium ion","entity_type_key":"ion"},"role":"context_participant","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":5,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"5dd31e52-f51e-51f3-880e-240abcc0ab1d","slug":"potassium-ion","display_name":"Potassium ion","entity_type_key":"ion"},"role":"context_participant","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":6,"notes":""}]},"contexts":[{"dimension":"evidence_access","value_text":"Primary abstract","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"experimental_model","value_text":"Bovine capillary RNA, membrane protein analysis and transport kinetics; aggregate apparent Km 14 micromolar at −61 mV.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"limitations","value_text":"The panel is not a physical three-protein complex; transport assays do not measure whole human brain exposure after food intake.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"nutrient_topic","value_text":"L-Glutamate collection; species, compartment, exposure, co-substrates and manipulation remain explicit.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":{"slug":"glutamate","display_name":"L-Glutamate","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"}},{"dimension":"plain_language","value_text":"The brain-facing barrier membrane participates in removing extracellular glutamate.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"primary_references","value_text":"Na(+)-dependent glutamate transporters (EAAT1, EAAT2, and EAAT3) of the blood-brain barrier. A mechanism for glutamate removal. · 1999 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10542215/ · DOI 10.1074/jbc.274.45.31891","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null}],"evidence":[{"id":"a1fc6bad-ed43-53e4-b0cc-671e8ca998c2","evidence_kind":"source_excerpt","locator":"Lines 106-112","start_line":106,"end_line":112,"excerpt":"## glutamate-bbb-clearance\nThe brain-facing barrier membrane participates in removing extracellular glutamate.\nBovine brain-capillary membrane preparations contained EAAT1/2/3 on the abluminal side and showed voltage- and potassium-dependent glutamate uptake.\nModel: Bovine capillary RNA, membrane protein analysis and transport kinetics; aggregate apparent Km 14 micromolar at −61 mV.\nLimitations: The panel is not a physical three-protein complex; transport assays do not measure whole human brain exposure after food intake.\nEvidence access: Primary abstract\nNa(+)-dependent glutamate transporters (EAAT1, EAAT2, and EAAT3) of the blood-brain barrier. A mechanism for glutamate removal. · 1999 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10542215/ · DOI 10.1074/jbc.274.45.31891","model_system":"Bovine capillary RNA, membrane protein analysis and transport kinetics; aggregate apparent Km 14 micromolar at −61 mV.","directness":"reported_statement","verification_status":"source_derived_draft","notes":"Original curation paraphrase; evidence access and experimental limitations specified.","relationship":"supports","weight":1.0,"link_notes":"","source":{"id":"c6a55239-e808-5ed7-9fa3-755a18ecb29f","stable_key":"import-b7014def-74ec-599e-8347-167e24fec1f0","title":"L-Glutamate / L-glutamic acid: carbon and nitrogen allocation, signaling and cross-nutrient mechanisms (2026-09-19)","document_type":"imported_text","citation_label":"AI-assisted research curation; primary references, access levels and experimental limitations individually identified. 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