{"id":"933357d3-4296-5cee-8fd9-d0a45ebfca60","stable_key":"3d41d18a-e13a-59a0-a081-55bfcdd43e55:ceylon-acid-pxr-intestine","predicate":"activates_reporter","statement":"Cinnamic acid activated the human PXR reporter more than threefold in LS174T cells at 20 micrograms/mL; lower concentrations were not significant.","claim_class":"mechanistic","status":"source_derived_draft","evidence_grade":"ungraded","direction":"context_dependent","is_public":true,"mechanism_event_id":"7625cefe-7190-5821-b8fb-bf10efebe9e7","mechanism_event_label":"The metabolite activated the intestinal reporter at the highest tested concentration.","subject":{"id":"b723e105-592e-59af-bc7b-48fbbc3d32e4","slug":"trans-cinnamic-acid","display_name":"trans-Cinnamic acid","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"object":{"id":"f9deea3c-fcb8-51c8-9194-438c2ad6298b","slug":"nr1i2","display_name":"Human pregnane X receptor / SXR / PXR / NR1I2","entity_type_key":"protein"},"evidence_count":1,"mechanism_event":{"id":"7625cefe-7190-5821-b8fb-bf10efebe9e7","stable_key":"3d41d18a-e13a-59a0-a081-55bfcdd43e55:ceylon-acid-pxr-intestine-event","event_type":"biochemical_relationship","label":"The metabolite activated the intestinal reporter at the highest tested concentration.","description":"Cinnamic acid activated the human PXR reporter more than threefold in LS174T cells at 20 micrograms/mL; lower concentrations were not significant.","status":"provisional","compartment":null,"participants":[{"entity":{"id":"b723e105-592e-59af-bc7b-48fbbc3d32e4","slug":"trans-cinnamic-acid","display_name":"trans-Cinnamic acid","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"role":"subject","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":0,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"f9deea3c-fcb8-51c8-9194-438c2ad6298b","slug":"nr1i2","display_name":"Human pregnane X receptor / SXR / PXR / NR1I2","entity_type_key":"protein"},"role":"target","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":1,"notes":""}]},"contexts":[{"dimension":"evidence_span","value_text":"{\"source_cache\": \"artifacts/ceylon-research/39845339.fulltext.txt\", \"locator\": \"Primary full-text span; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets\", \"file_sha256\": \"0bbeb0c733ff258e7efaf517438f4368e29bf3afda37cfbac3be149bde094758\", \"start_char\": 28692, \"end_char\": 28993, \"text_sha256\": \"069505cad7f859be7641d117d22fde217c5391879239077e55d4919b047a2bfc\"}","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"experimental_model","value_text":"Human receptor reporters and CYP inhibition assays","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"exposure","value_text":"Oil/parent/metabolite comparisons; PXR 0.62–20 micrograms/mL for 24 hours","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"limitations","value_text":"Reporter activation is not demonstrated induction of clinical drug clearance. HepG2 is liver-derived; full results distinguish it from intestinal LS174T.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"nutrient_topic","value_text":"Ceylon cinnamon research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":{"slug":"ceylon","display_name":"Ceylon cinnamon / Cinnamomum verum bark preparations","entity_type_key":"chemical_species"}},{"dimension":"organism","value_text":"Human-derived reporter cells and human CYP assay systems","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"plain_language","value_text":"The metabolite activated the intestinal reporter at the highest tested concentration.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"primary_references","value_text":"[ceylon-p39845339] Evaluation of bioaccessibility, metabolic clearance and interaction with xenobiotic receptors (PXR and AhR) of cinnamaldehyde. (2025). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39845339/ DOI: 10.1016/j.fochms.2024.100237","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"tissue_or_cell_type","value_text":"LS174T intestinal carcinoma cells","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null}],"evidence":[{"id":"9dba1ee0-6669-533e-bb4e-9896af326d98","evidence_kind":"source_excerpt","locator":"Lines 948-959","start_line":948,"end_line":959,"excerpt":"### ceylon-acid-pxr-intestine\nCinnamic acid activated the human PXR reporter more than threefold in LS174T cells at 20 micrograms/mL; lower concentrations were not significant.\nCondition category: normal\nnutrient_topic: Ceylon cinnamon research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect.\nplain_language: The metabolite activated the intestinal reporter at the highest tested concentration.\norganism: Human-derived reporter cells and human CYP assay systems\ntissue_or_cell_type: LS174T intestinal carcinoma cells\nexperimental_model: Human receptor reporters and CYP inhibition assays\nlimitations: Reporter activation is not demonstrated induction of clinical drug clearance. HepG2 is liver-derived; full results distinguish it from intestinal LS174T.\nexposure: Oil/parent/metabolite comparisons; PXR 0.62–20 micrograms/mL for 24 hours\nevidence_span: {\"source_cache\": \"artifacts/ceylon-research/39845339.fulltext.txt\", \"locator\": \"Primary full-text span; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets\", \"file_sha256\": \"0bbeb0c733ff258e7efaf517438f4368e29bf3afda37cfbac3be149bde094758\", \"start_char\": 28692, \"end_char\": 28993, \"text_sha256\": \"069505cad7f859be7641d117d22fde217c5391879239077e55d4919b047a2bfc\"}\n[ceylon-p39845339] Evaluation of bioaccessibility, metabolic clearance and interaction with xenobiotic receptors (PXR and AhR) of cinnamaldehyde. (2025). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39845339/ DOI: 10.1016/j.fochms.2024.100237","model_system":"Human receptor reporters and CYP inhibition assays","directness":"author_interpretation","verification_status":"source_derived_draft","notes":"Exact curation-document quotation, not publisher quotation. Study references: [ceylon-p39845339] Evaluation of bioaccessibility, metabolic clearance and interaction with xenobiotic receptors (PXR and AhR) of cinnamaldehyde. (2025). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39845339/ DOI: 10.1016/j.fochms.2024.100237","relationship":"supports","weight":1.0,"link_notes":"","source":{"id":"3aed3c5b-8016-5e37-ad6f-9019d34d19eb","stable_key":"import-3d41d18a-e13a-59a0-a081-55bfcdd43e55","title":"Ceylon cinnamon: metabolism, signaling and nutrient connections (2026-09-17)","document_type":"imported_text","citation_label":"AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. 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