{"id":"91b55d24-5227-5be0-abad-795d0940fa7e","stable_key":"104835a3-b891-5dc4-a6bb-42ab7c6f96c4:butyrate-riboflavin-pooled","predicate":"pooled_intervention_increases","statement":"Combining the 50 and 100 mg/day riboflavin arms in RIBOGUT showed increased fecal butyrate after two weeks; separate-dose analyses showed only minor SCFA differences.","claim_class":"observational","status":"source_derived_draft","evidence_grade":"ungraded","direction":"context_dependent","is_public":true,"mechanism_event_id":"161fffeb-7465-578c-b814-4f652f7fc32a","mechanism_event_label":"A vitamin B2 trial found a butyrate signal after pooling doses.","subject":{"id":"86eb1eee-a8d1-539c-8c17-0911f69b6f1b","slug":"riboflavin","display_name":"Riboflavin (vitamin B2)","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"object":{"id":"779c12eb-a540-5331-81b2-6d9c1c8a3751","slug":"human-fecal-butyrate","display_name":"Human fecal butyrate concentration","entity_type_key":"cellular_process"},"evidence_count":1,"mechanism_event":{"id":"161fffeb-7465-578c-b814-4f652f7fc32a","stable_key":"104835a3-b891-5dc4-a6bb-42ab7c6f96c4:butyrate-riboflavin-pooled-event","event_type":"observed_relationship","label":"A vitamin B2 trial found a butyrate signal after pooling doses.","description":"Combining the 50 and 100 mg/day riboflavin arms in RIBOGUT showed increased fecal butyrate after two weeks; separate-dose analyses showed only minor SCFA differences.","status":"provisional","compartment":null,"participants":[{"entity":{"id":"86eb1eee-a8d1-539c-8c17-0911f69b6f1b","slug":"riboflavin","display_name":"Riboflavin (vitamin B2)","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"role":"subject","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":0,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"779c12eb-a540-5331-81b2-6d9c1c8a3751","slug":"human-fecal-butyrate","display_name":"Human fecal butyrate concentration","entity_type_key":"cellular_process"},"role":"target","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":1,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"e7428a7f-d35a-5406-9904-a88984814833","slug":"butyrate","display_name":"Butyrate","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"role":"context_participant","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":2,"notes":""}]},"contexts":[{"dimension":"evidence_access","value_text":"Primary full text, results and Figure 6","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"experimental_model","value_text":"Randomized placebo-controlled human study; pooled dose analysis.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"limitations","value_text":"Fecal concentration was measured, not production flux. Neither dose increased F. prausnitzii abundance; this does not establish a universal B2 deficiency gate.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"nutrient_topic","value_text":"Butyrate collection; molecular form, preparation, species, exposure and manipulation remain explicit.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":{"slug":"butyrate","display_name":"Butyrate","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"}},{"dimension":"plain_language","value_text":"A vitamin B2 trial found a butyrate signal after pooling doses.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"primary_references","value_text":"Riboflavin Supplementation Promotes Butyrate Production in the Absence of Gross Compositional Changes in the Gut Microbiota. · 2023 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35943883/ · DOI 10.1089/ars.2022.0033","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null}],"evidence":[{"id":"a75f6db1-350a-5695-a6d3-785ee6cacfb4","evidence_kind":"source_excerpt","locator":"Lines 86-92","start_line":86,"end_line":92,"excerpt":"## butyrate-riboflavin-pooled\nA vitamin B2 trial found a butyrate signal after pooling doses.\nCombining the 50 and 100 mg/day riboflavin arms in RIBOGUT showed increased fecal butyrate after two weeks; separate-dose analyses showed only minor SCFA differences.\nModel: Randomized placebo-controlled human study; pooled dose analysis.\nLimitations: Fecal concentration was measured, not production flux. Neither dose increased F. prausnitzii abundance; this does not establish a universal B2 deficiency gate.\nEvidence access: Primary full text, results and Figure 6\nRiboflavin Supplementation Promotes Butyrate Production in the Absence of Gross Compositional Changes in the Gut Microbiota. · 2023 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35943883/ · DOI 10.1089/ars.2022.0033","model_system":"Randomized placebo-controlled human study; pooled dose analysis.","directness":"reported_statement","verification_status":"source_derived_draft","notes":"Original curation paraphrase; evidence access and experimental limitations specified.","relationship":"supports","weight":1.0,"link_notes":"","source":{"id":"33205bb8-dcbe-5d2c-afca-86075d7748d1","stable_key":"import-104835a3-b891-5dc4-a6bb-42ab7c6f96c4","title":"Butyrate: microbial production, fuel use, signaling and nutrient interactions (2026-09-19)","document_type":"imported_text","citation_label":"AI-assisted research curation; primary-abstract references and experimental limitations individually identified. 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