{"id":"8faeaaa1-fd7d-52ec-9f54-095c4520e129","stable_key":"10aa417f-4b03-599f-a453-4aa09edeb27c:alanine-human-forearm-liver","predicate":"undergoes_interorgan_exchange","statement":"Arteriovenous measurements identified alanine as the principal amino acid released by forearm muscle and extracted by the liver in postabsorptive and prolonged-fasting subjects.","claim_class":"observational","status":"source_derived_draft","evidence_grade":"ungraded","direction":"context_dependent","is_public":true,"mechanism_event_id":"6153b751-86a0-5823-afb4-ce31dcb35bce","mechanism_event_label":"Muscle can send both carbon and amino nitrogen to the liver as alanine.","subject":{"id":"ebdc4461-c059-563e-88b0-422c21fdaa25","slug":"alanine","display_name":"L-Alanine","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"object":{"id":"d6f9c2b3-240f-5843-ab89-06f37e47cff8","slug":"human-alanine-forearm-liver-exchange","display_name":"Human forearm release and hepatic extraction of alanine","entity_type_key":"cellular_process"},"evidence_count":1,"mechanism_event":{"id":"6153b751-86a0-5823-afb4-ce31dcb35bce","stable_key":"10aa417f-4b03-599f-a453-4aa09edeb27c:alanine-human-forearm-liver-event","event_type":"observed_relationship","label":"Muscle can send both carbon and amino nitrogen to the liver as alanine.","description":"Arteriovenous measurements identified alanine as the principal amino acid released by forearm muscle and extracted by the liver in postabsorptive and prolonged-fasting subjects.","status":"provisional","compartment":null,"participants":[{"entity":{"id":"ebdc4461-c059-563e-88b0-422c21fdaa25","slug":"alanine","display_name":"L-Alanine","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"role":"subject","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":0,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"d6f9c2b3-240f-5843-ab89-06f37e47cff8","slug":"human-alanine-forearm-liver-exchange","display_name":"Human forearm release and hepatic extraction of alanine","entity_type_key":"cellular_process"},"role":"target","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":1,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"8ae7848b-f172-5e09-8acf-5ca914907b0b","slug":"glucose","display_name":"D-glucose","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"role":"context_participant","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":2,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"91e6d4f5-fba1-542d-b68a-57cc28e1e425","slug":"pyruvate","display_name":"Pyruvate","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"role":"context_participant","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":3,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"7da684a4-2641-5bc6-93ae-8c6aa384e487","slug":"glutamate","display_name":"L-Glutamate","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"role":"context_participant","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":4,"notes":""}]},"contexts":[{"dimension":"evidence_access","value_text":"Primary abstract","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"experimental_model","value_text":"Human arteriovenous balance study; postabsorptive state and 4–6 weeks of fasting.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"limitations","value_text":"Exchange measurements do not identify every intracellular reaction or prove that all released alanine becomes glucose.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"nutrient_topic","value_text":"L-Alanine collection; species, compartment, exposure, co-substrates and manipulation remain explicit.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":{"slug":"alanine","display_name":"L-Alanine","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"}},{"dimension":"plain_language","value_text":"Muscle can send both carbon and amino nitrogen to the liver as alanine.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"primary_references","value_text":"Alanine: key role in gluconeogenesis. · 1970 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/5411169/ · DOI 10.1126/science.167.3920.1003","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null}],"evidence":[{"id":"0b3c65db-b471-531e-b240-c65f13e530cb","evidence_kind":"source_excerpt","locator":"Lines 16-22","start_line":16,"end_line":22,"excerpt":"## alanine-human-forearm-liver\nMuscle can send both carbon and amino nitrogen to the liver as alanine.\nArteriovenous measurements identified alanine as the principal amino acid released by forearm muscle and extracted by the liver in postabsorptive and prolonged-fasting subjects.\nModel: Human arteriovenous balance study; postabsorptive state and 4–6 weeks of fasting.\nLimitations: Exchange measurements do not identify every intracellular reaction or prove that all released alanine becomes glucose.\nEvidence access: Primary abstract\nAlanine: key role in gluconeogenesis. · 1970 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/5411169/ · DOI 10.1126/science.167.3920.1003","model_system":"Human arteriovenous balance study; postabsorptive state and 4–6 weeks of fasting.","directness":"reported_statement","verification_status":"source_derived_draft","notes":"Original curation paraphrase; evidence access and experimental limitations specified.","relationship":"supports","weight":1.0,"link_notes":"","source":{"id":"01c5554c-a8ba-5c86-9b01-a0fa1a886cdb","stable_key":"import-10aa417f-4b03-599f-a453-4aa09edeb27c","title":"L-Alanine: carbon, nitrogen, protein synthesis and cross-nutrient mechanisms (2026-09-19)","document_type":"imported_text","citation_label":"AI-assisted research curation; primary references, access levels and experimental limitations individually identified. 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