{"id":"8ef963dc-7cb3-5aa3-9950-71f74465e6a3","stable_key":"104835a3-b891-5dc4-a6bb-42ab7c6f96c4:butyrate-metabolic-syndrome-null","predicate":"modulates","statement":"The same 4 g/day, four-week pilot found no insulin-sensitivity improvement in its ten men with metabolic syndrome.","claim_class":"observational","status":"source_derived_draft","evidence_grade":"ungraded","direction":"neutral","is_public":true,"mechanism_event_id":"bc667803-8314-5baf-98a7-0583d66db502","mechanism_event_label":"The group with metabolic syndrome did not show the lean-group response.","subject":{"id":"e7428a7f-d35a-5406-9904-a88984814833","slug":"butyrate","display_name":"Butyrate","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"object":{"id":"c10c4b88-b869-5468-815f-1e44d3c66798","slug":"human-butyrate-insulin-sensitivity","display_name":"Human insulin sensitivity after oral sodium butyrate","entity_type_key":"cellular_process"},"evidence_count":1,"mechanism_event":{"id":"bc667803-8314-5baf-98a7-0583d66db502","stable_key":"104835a3-b891-5dc4-a6bb-42ab7c6f96c4:butyrate-metabolic-syndrome-null-event","event_type":"observed_relationship","label":"The group with metabolic syndrome did not show the lean-group response.","description":"The same 4 g/day, four-week pilot found no insulin-sensitivity improvement in its ten men with metabolic syndrome.","status":"provisional","compartment":null,"participants":[{"entity":{"id":"e7428a7f-d35a-5406-9904-a88984814833","slug":"butyrate","display_name":"Butyrate","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"role":"subject","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":0,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"c10c4b88-b869-5468-815f-1e44d3c66798","slug":"human-butyrate-insulin-sensitivity","display_name":"Human insulin sensitivity after oral sodium butyrate","entity_type_key":"cellular_process"},"role":"target","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":1,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"4baf6011-dcc4-5a69-9c77-a21de6060383","slug":"sodium-butyrate","display_name":"Sodium butyrate","entity_type_key":"chemical_species"},"role":"context_participant","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":2,"notes":""}]},"contexts":[{"dimension":"evidence_access","value_text":"Primary abstract","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"experimental_model","value_text":"Human uncontrolled pilot; separate metabolic-syndrome group.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"limitations","value_text":"Population differences are observed; altered handling is a proposed explanation rather than established mediation.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"nutrient_topic","value_text":"Butyrate collection; molecular form, preparation, species, exposure and manipulation remain explicit.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":{"slug":"butyrate","display_name":"Butyrate","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"}},{"dimension":"plain_language","value_text":"The group with metabolic syndrome did not show the lean-group response.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"primary_references","value_text":"Differential metabolic effects of oral butyrate treatment in lean versus metabolic syndrome subjects. · 2018 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29799027/ · DOI 10.1038/s41424-018-0025-4","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null}],"evidence":[{"id":"41de508c-ac54-53d7-9ed3-ae5c57b29baa","evidence_kind":"source_excerpt","locator":"Lines 566-572","start_line":566,"end_line":572,"excerpt":"## butyrate-metabolic-syndrome-null\nThe group with metabolic syndrome did not show the lean-group response.\nThe same 4 g/day, four-week pilot found no insulin-sensitivity improvement in its ten men with metabolic syndrome.\nModel: Human uncontrolled pilot; separate metabolic-syndrome group.\nLimitations: Population differences are observed; altered handling is a proposed explanation rather than established mediation.\nEvidence access: Primary abstract\nDifferential metabolic effects of oral butyrate treatment in lean versus metabolic syndrome subjects. · 2018 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29799027/ · DOI 10.1038/s41424-018-0025-4","model_system":"Human uncontrolled pilot; separate metabolic-syndrome group.","directness":"reported_statement","verification_status":"source_derived_draft","notes":"Original curation paraphrase; evidence access and experimental limitations specified.","relationship":"supports","weight":1.0,"link_notes":"","source":{"id":"33205bb8-dcbe-5d2c-afca-86075d7748d1","stable_key":"import-104835a3-b891-5dc4-a6bb-42ab7c6f96c4","title":"Butyrate: microbial production, fuel use, signaling and nutrient interactions (2026-09-19)","document_type":"imported_text","citation_label":"AI-assisted research curation; primary-abstract references and experimental limitations individually identified. 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