{"id":"8b93ebf9-e9e4-5842-8fef-4fba64037a28","stable_key":"9a47f338-d127-5e4d-abf6-e99056833a69:d-aspartate-ddo-transcript-increase","predicate":"associates_with","statement":"DDO mRNA was higher in the study prefrontal samples from people with schizophrenia than controls.","claim_class":"observational","status":"source_derived_draft","evidence_grade":"ungraded","direction":"context_dependent","is_public":true,"mechanism_event_id":"2b30503f-6d15-5d9f-8d7b-9e2724e24e41","mechanism_event_label":"One brain-sample study found more transcript for the clearing enzyme.","subject":{"id":"77218d67-d264-5611-beca-4d9d87253c01","slug":"human-schizophrenia-postmortem-status","display_name":"Schizophrenia diagnosis in postmortem comparisons","entity_type_key":"cellular_process"},"object":{"id":"0eaf97db-ad9d-5baa-8ecc-9a75d413beb3","slug":"human-pfc-ddo-transcripts","display_name":"Human prefrontal DDO transcript abundance","entity_type_key":"cellular_process"},"evidence_count":1,"mechanism_event":{"id":"2b30503f-6d15-5d9f-8d7b-9e2724e24e41","stable_key":"9a47f338-d127-5e4d-abf6-e99056833a69:d-aspartate-ddo-transcript-increase-event","event_type":"observed_relationship","label":"One brain-sample study found more transcript for the clearing enzyme.","description":"DDO mRNA was higher in the study prefrontal samples from people with schizophrenia than controls.","status":"provisional","compartment":null,"participants":[{"entity":{"id":"77218d67-d264-5611-beca-4d9d87253c01","slug":"human-schizophrenia-postmortem-status","display_name":"Schizophrenia diagnosis in postmortem comparisons","entity_type_key":"cellular_process"},"role":"subject","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":0,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"0eaf97db-ad9d-5baa-8ecc-9a75d413beb3","slug":"human-pfc-ddo-transcripts","display_name":"Human prefrontal DDO transcript abundance","entity_type_key":"cellular_process"},"role":"target","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":1,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"b3404670-6db1-517f-b9a0-27ecfaac558b","slug":"d-aspartate","display_name":"D-Aspartate","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"role":"context_participant","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":2,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"17871951-099f-5a48-832e-ff9cb1c65755","slug":"ddo","display_name":"Human D-aspartate oxidase / DDO","entity_type_key":"protein"},"role":"context_participant","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":3,"notes":""}]},"contexts":[{"dimension":"availability_state","value_text":"biomarker_context","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"Imported condition classification; unverified.","entity":null},{"dimension":"evidence_access","value_text":"Primary full text","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"experimental_model","value_text":"Human postmortem prefrontal cortex; 10 schizophrenia and 11 control samples.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"limitations","value_text":"Observational, small cohort; transcript abundance is not enzyme activity and does not establish causation.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"nutrient_topic","value_text":"D-Aspartate collection; species, compartment, exposure, co-substrates and manipulation remain explicit.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":{"slug":"d-aspartate","display_name":"D-Aspartate","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"}},{"dimension":"plain_language","value_text":"One brain-sample study found more transcript for the clearing enzyme.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"primary_references","value_text":"A role for D-aspartate oxidase in schizophrenia and in schizophrenia-related symptoms induced by phencyclidine in mice. · 2015 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25689573/ · DOI 10.1038/tp.2015.2","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"trigger_kind","value_text":"biomarker_context","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"Imported condition classification; unverified.","entity":null}],"evidence":[{"id":"3f704fde-815b-5fe3-a4ca-753cffc3b8a7","evidence_kind":"source_excerpt","locator":"Lines 288-294","start_line":288,"end_line":294,"excerpt":"## d-aspartate-ddo-transcript-increase\nOne brain-sample study found more transcript for the clearing enzyme.\nDDO mRNA was higher in the study prefrontal samples from people with schizophrenia than controls.\nModel: Human postmortem prefrontal cortex; 10 schizophrenia and 11 control samples.\nLimitations: Observational, small cohort; transcript abundance is not enzyme activity and does not establish causation.\nEvidence access: Primary full text\nA role for D-aspartate oxidase in schizophrenia and in schizophrenia-related symptoms induced by phencyclidine in mice. · 2015 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25689573/ · DOI 10.1038/tp.2015.2","model_system":"Human postmortem prefrontal cortex; 10 schizophrenia and 11 control samples.","directness":"reported_statement","verification_status":"source_derived_draft","notes":"Original curation paraphrase; evidence access and experimental limitations specified.","relationship":"supports","weight":1.0,"link_notes":"","source":{"id":"3751103e-e256-5615-b24f-39cc76ccfb47","stable_key":"import-9a47f338-d127-5e4d-abf6-e99056833a69","title":"D-Aspartate: synthesis, clearance, neural and endocrine mechanisms (2026-09-19)","document_type":"imported_text","citation_label":"AI-assisted research curation; primary references, access levels and experimental limitations individually identified. Not publisher full text.","file_path":"","sha256":"0a86a1008edb8a69dcc79409e76e3fd5ce59b0747be8cae8f21e43f871e76248","revision_id":"a1de4b66-263d-5452-8ed8-df853afba030","review_status":"unverified_draft","notes":""}}],"relations":[],"conflicts":[{"id":"66406053-e6c5-53c2-814c-5d491bf1333d","title":"Does schizophrenia associate with increased prefrontal DDO transcription?","kind":"contradiction","status":"open","why":"One published postmortem cohort reported increased DDO mRNA; later regional studies did not detect a diagnostic difference. This is an unresolved research discrepancy, not a correction to ledger wording. Higher enzyme activity and unchanged mRNA are not themselves contradictory.","resolution":"Unresolved. Retain all findings with brain region, cohort, assay and statistical limitations. Cell composition, medication exposure, tissue quality and population differences are possible explanations to test, not established resolutions. The later regional work shares investigators and some previously reported measurements.","created_at":"2026-09-20 01:17:31","record_type":"conflict","display_label":"Recorded conflict","record_url":"/conflicts/66406053-e6c5-53c2-814c-5d491bf1333d","sides":[{"conflict_id":"66406053-e6c5-53c2-814c-5d491bf1333d","ordinal":0,"label":"2015 prefrontal transcript increase","revision_id":"a1de4b66-263d-5452-8ed8-df853afba030","start_line":288,"end_line":294,"quote":"## d-aspartate-ddo-transcript-increase\nOne brain-sample study found more transcript for the clearing enzyme.\nDDO mRNA was higher in the study prefrontal samples from people with schizophrenia than controls.\nModel: Human postmortem prefrontal cortex; 10 schizophrenia and 11 control samples.\nLimitations: Observational, small cohort; transcript abundance is not enzyme activity and does not establish causation.\nEvidence access: Primary full text\nA role for D-aspartate oxidase in schizophrenia and in schizophrenia-related symptoms induced by phencyclidine in mice. · 2015 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25689573/ · DOI 10.1038/tp.2015.2","source_key":"import-9a47f338-d127-5e4d-abf6-e99056833a69","source_title":"D-Aspartate: synthesis, clearance, neural and endocrine mechanisms (2026-09-19)","claim_ids":["8b93ebf9-e9e4-5842-8fef-4fba64037a28"]},{"conflict_id":"66406053-e6c5-53c2-814c-5d491bf1333d","ordinal":1,"label":"2017 transcript and methylation null finding","revision_id":"a1de4b66-263d-5452-8ed8-df853afba030","start_line":296,"end_line":302,"quote":"## d-aspartate-ddo-transcript-null\nEnzyme activity changed without a detected transcript change.\nA later postmortem study found no significant schizophrenia-related difference in DDO transcription or methylation despite higher DDO activity in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex.\nModel: Human DLPFC and hippocampal tissue comparison.\nLimitations: A null test does not prove equality; cohort and tissue handling can differ.\nEvidence access: Primary full text\nDecreased free d-aspartate levels are linked to enhanced d-aspartate oxidase activity in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex of schizophrenia patients. · 2017 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28560262/ · DOI 10.1038/s41537-017-0015-7","source_key":"import-9a47f338-d127-5e4d-abf6-e99056833a69","source_title":"D-Aspartate: synthesis, clearance, neural and endocrine mechanisms (2026-09-19)","claim_ids":["0015c4e9-c5d4-5f86-b9a4-f6abe184f5ab"]},{"conflict_id":"66406053-e6c5-53c2-814c-5d491bf1333d","ordinal":2,"label":"2018 expanded regional analysis; partly overlapping evidence","revision_id":"a1de4b66-263d-5452-8ed8-df853afba030","start_line":312,"end_line":318,"quote":"## d-aspartate-human-epialleles\nRegional identity mattered more than diagnosis in this analysis.\nAn expanded regional methylation/expression analysis found brain-region differences but no significant diagnostic association for DDO expression or methylation.\nModel: Human postmortem DLPFC, hippocampus and cerebellum; epiallele analysis.\nLimitations: Overlaps the earlier research group and reuses previously reported regional methylation data; not an independent replication of every measurement.\nEvidence access: Primary full text\nDNA methylation landscape of the genes regulating D-serine and D-aspartate metabolism in post-mortem brain from controls and subjects with schizophrenia. · 2018 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29976992/ · DOI 10.1038/s41598-018-28332-x","source_key":"import-9a47f338-d127-5e4d-abf6-e99056833a69","source_title":"D-Aspartate: synthesis, clearance, neural and endocrine mechanisms (2026-09-19)","claim_ids":["77b6bf24-2e77-50bb-9134-78f0bb1eba23"]}]}],"corrections":[],"research":null}