{"id":"8b20e6e7-d782-5ab4-a365-476cd65f1a95","stable_key":"e3f6ce02-0bd7-5103-acc1-68503ab6751b:heart-workload-buffer","predicate":"decreases_in_recorded_comparison","statement":"Dobutamine-driven cardiac workload lowered acetylcarnitine production and pool size in rats.","claim_class":"observational","status":"source_recorded","evidence_grade":"ungraded","direction":"negative","is_public":true,"mechanism_event_id":"bf266705-0007-5568-b799-d52c02d20c9e","mechanism_event_label":"Dobutamine-driven cardiac workload lowered acetylcarnitine production and pool size in rats.","subject":{"id":"7b8b7d0e-2639-54af-a7ef-4d40f06621d8","slug":"dobutamine","display_name":"Dobutamine","entity_type_key":"drug"},"object":{"id":"08cc7c4f-f456-5aad-a2f6-e87a0bebf08d","slug":"rat-cardiac-acetylcarnitine-pool","display_name":"Rat cardiac acetylcarnitine pool","entity_type_key":"cellular_process"},"evidence_count":1,"mechanism_event":{"id":"bf266705-0007-5568-b799-d52c02d20c9e","stable_key":"e3f6ce02-0bd7-5103-acc1-68503ab6751b:heart-workload-buffer-event","event_type":"experimental_observation","label":"Dobutamine-driven cardiac workload lowered acetylcarnitine production and pool size in rats.","description":"### heart-workload-buffer\n\nDobutamine-driven cardiac workload lowered acetylcarnitine production and pool size in rats.\nProduction decreased 37% and pool size 40%. Depletion of a buffer during demand does not independently diagnose nutritional carnitine deficiency.\nModel and exposure: Male Wistar rats; hyperpolarized 13C-pyruvate study.\nLimitations: Limited to the recorded preparation, model, exposure and endpoint. Does not establish a human dietary deficiency, clinical benefit or unique molecular mediation.\nReference: The cycling of acetyl-coenzyme A through acetylcarnitine buffers cardiac substrate supply: a hyperpolarized 13C magnetic resonance study. | 2012 | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22238215/ | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3378498/ | https://doi.org/10.1161/circimaging.111.969451 | Access: Primary full text: relevant Results/Methods and figure descriptions reviewed; supplements only where explicitly stated.","status":"provisional","compartment":null,"participants":[{"entity":{"id":"7b8b7d0e-2639-54af-a7ef-4d40f06621d8","slug":"dobutamine","display_name":"Dobutamine","entity_type_key":"drug"},"role":"tested factor","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"Dobutamine-driven workload","sequence_order":0,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"08cc7c4f-f456-5aad-a2f6-e87a0bebf08d","slug":"rat-cardiac-acetylcarnitine-pool","display_name":"Rat cardiac acetylcarnitine pool","entity_type_key":"cellular_process"},"role":"measured outcome","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"decrease","sequence_order":1,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"5ce394a9-6ec6-56dd-866f-37d85c0556e4","slug":"acetylcarnitine","display_name":"Acetyl-L-carnitine","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"role":"measured metabolite","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":2,"notes":""}]},"contexts":[{"dimension":"availability_state","value_text":"biomarker_context","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"Imported condition classification; unverified.","entity":null},{"dimension":"evidence_access","value_text":"Primary full text: relevant Results/Methods and figure descriptions reviewed; supplements only where explicitly stated.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"experimental_contrast","value_text":"{\"intervention\": \"Dobutamine-driven workload\", \"comparator\": \"Fed control rats\", \"endpoint\": \"Dobutamine-driven cardiac workload lowered acetylcarnitine production and pool size in rats.\", \"effect_direction\": \"decrease\", \"combination\": \"single\", \"conditions\": []}","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"Explicit extracted experimental comparison; source-derived draft.","entity":null},{"dimension":"experimental_model","value_text":"Male Wistar rats; hyperpolarized 13C-pyruvate study.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"interpretation_status","value_text":"Source-derived curation with stated access limits; ungraded, not independent replication.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"limitations","value_text":"Limited to the recorded preparation, model, exposure and endpoint. Does not establish a human dietary deficiency, clinical benefit or unique molecular mediation.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"nutrient_topic","value_text":"Acetyl-L-carnitine collection; exact intervention and molecular form govern interpretation.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":{"slug":"acetylcarnitine","display_name":"Acetyl-L-carnitine","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"}},{"dimension":"plain_language","value_text":"Dobutamine-driven cardiac workload lowered acetylcarnitine production and pool size in rats.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"primary_references","value_text":"The cycling of acetyl-coenzyme A through acetylcarnitine buffers cardiac substrate supply: a hyperpolarized 13C magnetic resonance study. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22238215/ | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3378498/ | https://doi.org/10.1161/circimaging.111.969451","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"source_locator","value_text":"Reviewed reference heart-workload-buffer; Production decreased 37% and pool size 40%. Depletion of a buffer during demand does not independently diagnose nutritional carnitine deficiency.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"trigger_kind","value_text":"biomarker_context","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"Imported condition classification; unverified.","entity":null}],"evidence":[{"id":"746835f9-2f47-5699-ad94-98565286b932","evidence_kind":"source_excerpt","locator":"Lines 40-46","start_line":40,"end_line":46,"excerpt":"### heart-workload-buffer\n\nDobutamine-driven cardiac workload lowered acetylcarnitine production and pool size in rats.\nProduction decreased 37% and pool size 40%. Depletion of a buffer during demand does not independently diagnose nutritional carnitine deficiency.\nModel and exposure: Male Wistar rats; hyperpolarized 13C-pyruvate study.\nLimitations: Limited to the recorded preparation, model, exposure and endpoint. Does not establish a human dietary deficiency, clinical benefit or unique molecular mediation.\nReference: The cycling of acetyl-coenzyme A through acetylcarnitine buffers cardiac substrate supply: a hyperpolarized 13C magnetic resonance study. | 2012 | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22238215/ | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3378498/ | https://doi.org/10.1161/circimaging.111.969451 | Access: Primary full text: relevant Results/Methods and figure descriptions reviewed; supplements only where explicitly stated.","model_system":"Male Wistar rats; hyperpolarized 13C-pyruvate study.","directness":"reported_statement","verification_status":"source_recorded","notes":"Original paraphrase in the retained reviewed reference, not a verbatim primary-paper quotation. Access level is explicit.","relationship":"supports","weight":1.0,"link_notes":"","source":{"id":"2588f904-245a-597a-8a12-65118013fb90","stable_key":"import-e3f6ce02-0bd7-5103-acc1-68503ab6751b","title":"Acetyl-L-carnitine: detailed mechanisms of action (reviewed 6 October 2026)","document_type":"imported_text","citation_label":"AI-assisted original review of primary studies and clearly identified official records. Exact primary access is stated; no independent replication is claimed.","file_path":"","sha256":"84cc82d6fbb0fd5d73c4ce779e9f88e7f0184ba2d29b18ad0f153815380f2975","revision_id":"dac7a950-dbe5-5c7a-9c70-2ea711d5c71a","review_status":"source_recorded","notes":""}}],"relations":[],"conflicts":[],"corrections":[],"research":null}