{"id":"88311c68-27ec-5b88-8ef1-d0d287304ca2","stable_key":"ff370329-68a3-573d-96ee-597de78a3967:api-mouse-phagocytosis","predicate":"increases_in_recorded_comparison","statement":"Apigenin increased E. coli bioparticle uptake and bacterial phagocytosis in mouse macrophage experiments.","claim_class":"observational","status":"source_recorded","evidence_grade":"ungraded","direction":"positive","is_public":true,"mechanism_event_id":"4958b17f-03e9-5c1b-844f-e15038a3a664","mechanism_event_label":"Apigenin increased E. coli bioparticle uptake and bacterial phagocytosis in mouse macrophage experiments.","subject":{"id":"4425961f-4764-56d3-9887-87e47749379b","slug":"apigenin","display_name":"Apigenin","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"object":{"id":"469f4444-b348-52c2-a5b0-8d62ec73481e","slug":"mouse-apigenin-macrophage-phagocytosis","display_name":"Mouse macrophage bacterial phagocytosis in the apigenin study","entity_type_key":"cellular_process"},"evidence_count":1,"mechanism_event":{"id":"4958b17f-03e9-5c1b-844f-e15038a3a664","stable_key":"ff370329-68a3-573d-96ee-597de78a3967:api-mouse-phagocytosis-event","event_type":"experimental_observation","label":"Apigenin increased E. coli bioparticle uptake and bacterial phagocytosis in mouse macrophage experiments.","description":"### api-mouse-phagocytosis\n\nApigenin increased E. coli bioparticle uptake and bacterial phagocytosis in mouse macrophage experiments.\nNeutrophil phagocytosis and direct E. coli growth did not show the same response.\nModel and exposure: Mouse peritoneal macrophages and BMDMs; typical cell exposure 20 micromolar, 3 hours.\nLimitations: Limited to the recorded preparation, model, exposure and endpoint. Does not establish a human dietary deficiency, clinical benefit or unique molecular mediation.\nReference: Aging-induced Alternation in the Gut Microbiota Impairs Host Antibacterial Defense. | 2025 | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39792643/ | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11948050/ | https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.202411008 | Access: Primary full text: relevant Results/Methods and figure descriptions reviewed; supplements only where explicitly stated.","status":"provisional","compartment":null,"participants":[{"entity":{"id":"4425961f-4764-56d3-9887-87e47749379b","slug":"apigenin","display_name":"Apigenin","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"role":"tested factor","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"Apigenin before bacterial challenge","sequence_order":0,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"469f4444-b348-52c2-a5b0-8d62ec73481e","slug":"mouse-apigenin-macrophage-phagocytosis","display_name":"Mouse macrophage bacterial phagocytosis in the apigenin study","entity_type_key":"cellular_process"},"role":"measured outcome","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"increase","sequence_order":1,"notes":""}]},"contexts":[{"dimension":"evidence_access","value_text":"Primary full text: relevant Results/Methods and figure descriptions reviewed; supplements only where explicitly stated.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"experimental_contrast","value_text":"{\"intervention\": \"Apigenin before bacterial challenge\", \"comparator\": \"DMSO before the same challenge\", \"endpoint\": \"Apigenin increased E. coli bioparticle uptake and bacterial phagocytosis in mouse macrophage experiments.\", \"effect_direction\": \"increase\", \"combination\": \"single\", \"conditions\": []}","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"Explicit extracted experimental comparison; recorded from source.","entity":null},{"dimension":"experimental_model","value_text":"Mouse peritoneal macrophages and BMDMs; typical cell exposure 20 micromolar, 3 hours.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"interpretation_status","value_text":"Recorded from source with stated access limits; ungraded, not independent replication.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"limitations","value_text":"Limited to the recorded preparation, model, exposure and endpoint. Does not establish a human dietary deficiency, clinical benefit or unique molecular mediation.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"nutrient_topic","value_text":"Apigenin collection; exact intervention and molecular form govern interpretation.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":{"slug":"apigenin","display_name":"Apigenin","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"}},{"dimension":"plain_language","value_text":"Apigenin increased E. coli bioparticle uptake and bacterial phagocytosis in mouse macrophage experiments.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"primary_references","value_text":"Aging-induced Alternation in the Gut Microbiota Impairs Host Antibacterial Defense. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39792643/ | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11948050/ | https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.202411008","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"source_locator","value_text":"Reviewed reference api-mouse-phagocytosis; Neutrophil phagocytosis and direct E. coli growth did not show the same response.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null}],"evidence":[{"id":"2b532eb4-25d5-5f27-b95e-b8b9ad2d7f0d","evidence_kind":"source_excerpt","locator":"Lines 440-446","start_line":440,"end_line":446,"excerpt":"### api-mouse-phagocytosis\n\nApigenin increased E. coli bioparticle uptake and bacterial phagocytosis in mouse macrophage experiments.\nNeutrophil phagocytosis and direct E. coli growth did not show the same response.\nModel and exposure: Mouse peritoneal macrophages and BMDMs; typical cell exposure 20 micromolar, 3 hours.\nLimitations: Limited to the recorded preparation, model, exposure and endpoint. Does not establish a human dietary deficiency, clinical benefit or unique molecular mediation.\nReference: Aging-induced Alternation in the Gut Microbiota Impairs Host Antibacterial Defense. | 2025 | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39792643/ | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11948050/ | https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.202411008 | Access: Primary full text: relevant Results/Methods and figure descriptions reviewed; supplements only where explicitly stated.","model_system":"Mouse peritoneal macrophages and BMDMs; typical cell exposure 20 micromolar, 3 hours.","directness":"reported_statement","verification_status":"source_recorded","notes":"Original paraphrase in the retained reviewed reference, not a verbatim primary-paper quotation. Access level is explicit.","relationship":"supports","weight":1.0,"link_notes":"","source":{"id":"54eac90b-add1-5f56-9036-d900307c5697","stable_key":"import-ff370329-68a3-573d-96ee-597de78a3967","title":"Apigenin: detailed mechanisms of action (reviewed 10 October 2026)","document_type":"imported_text","citation_label":"AI-assisted original curation of primary studies; claim-local access and experimental limitations stated. Includes original-draft correction history. No independent replication claimed.","file_path":"","sha256":"ede6e5c6b91d66b66844f2ff667a7f8303d9ac1281f15dc09db703f7de4da942","revision_id":"b41a39a2-0197-549c-97a5-1765e6696931","review_status":"source_recorded","notes":""}}],"relations":[],"conflicts":[],"corrections":[],"research":null}