{"id":"87c2afc2-8ebe-5d85-a5e6-129d40ca4115","stable_key":"c836a883-ac18-5eb2-9971-2f0b542feba8:enteric-protein-meal","predicate":"decreases_in_recorded_experiment","statement":"A high-protein meal reduced relative breath AMS exposure from the tested enteric products to 22-57%.","claim_class":"observational","status":"source_recorded","evidence_grade":"ungraded","direction":"negative","is_public":true,"mechanism_event_id":"06900e53-1456-526a-a469-cdfa066f4081","mechanism_event_label":"A high-protein meal reduced relative breath AMS exposure from the tested enteric products to 22-57%.","subject":{"id":"74c7bcb4-a66b-59b3-9323-ed8799a53c5e","slug":"garlic-enteric-lawson-2018","display_name":"Enteric garlic tablets in the 2018 breath study","entity_type_key":"botanical"},"object":{"id":"52436a6f-13ce-50db-91c0-05e2015b2fda","slug":"human-breath-ams-auc","display_name":"Human breath allyl-methyl-sulfide exposure over 32 hours","entity_type_key":"cellular_process"},"evidence_count":1,"mechanism_event":{"id":"06900e53-1456-526a-a469-cdfa066f4081","stable_key":"c836a883-ac18-5eb2-9971-2f0b542feba8:enteric-protein-meal-event","event_type":"experimental_observation","label":"A high-protein meal reduced relative breath AMS exposure from the tested enteric products to 22-57%.","description":"**Human breath measurements.** Lawson and Hunsaker compared preparations using thirty-two-hour breath allyl methyl sulfide (AMS) exposure in thirteen participants. Their relative results were 80–111% for tested non-enteric tablets, 36–104% for enteric tablets, and 22–57% for enteric products with high-protein meals, relative to homogenized raw garlic. These percentages are not absolute bioavailability of intact plasma allicin. The study also found contributions from SAC-related precursors to AMS, particularly relevant to preparations with inhibited alliinase. Thus AMS is a useful preparation-comparison marker with chemical-origin limitations. Enteric coating is not automatically superior. Meal effects, disintegration, enzyme activity, and the assay all matter. [Lawson and Hunsaker 2018](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6073756/)","status":"provisional","compartment":null,"participants":[{"entity":{"id":"74c7bcb4-a66b-59b3-9323-ed8799a53c5e","slug":"garlic-enteric-lawson-2018","display_name":"Enteric garlic tablets in the 2018 breath study","entity_type_key":"botanical"},"role":"tested factor","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"Enteric tablets with high-protein meal","sequence_order":0,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"52436a6f-13ce-50db-91c0-05e2015b2fda","slug":"human-breath-ams-auc","display_name":"Human breath allyl-methyl-sulfide exposure over 32 hours","entity_type_key":"cellular_process"},"role":"measured outcome","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"decrease","sequence_order":1,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"e11cd784-575b-517a-8909-f382bdfce7f5","slug":"allyl-methyl-sulfide","display_name":"Allyl methyl sulfide / AMS","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"role":"assay analyte","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":2,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"76269330-b702-5d9b-b999-a4ebb10ee7e2","slug":"high-protein-meal-lawson-2018","display_name":"High-protein meal used in the 2018 garlic tablet comparison","entity_type_key":"chemical_species"},"role":"joint meal intervention","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":3,"notes":""}]},"contexts":[{"dimension":"evidence_access","value_text":"Primary full text available; selected claim-relevant methods, results, tables/figures and limitations reviewed. Supplemental proteome and all secondary findings are not exhaustively extracted.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"experimental_condition","value_text":"administered","comparator":"Same products with low-protein meal","unit":null,"notes":"Condition belongs to the full experimental contrast; do not separate a joint intervention.","entity":{"slug":"garlic-enteric-lawson-2018","display_name":"Enteric garlic tablets in the 2018 breath study","entity_type_key":"botanical"}},{"dimension":"experimental_condition","value_text":"co-administered","comparator":"Same products with low-protein meal","unit":null,"notes":"Condition belongs to the full experimental contrast; do not separate a joint intervention.","entity":{"slug":"high-protein-meal-lawson-2018","display_name":"High-protein meal used in the 2018 garlic tablet comparison","entity_type_key":"chemical_species"}},{"dimension":"experimental_contrast","value_text":"{\"intervention\": \"Enteric tablets with high-protein meal\", \"comparator\": \"Same products with low-protein meal\", \"endpoint\": \"A high-protein meal reduced relative breath AMS exposure from the tested enteric products to 22-57%.\", \"effect_direction\": \"decrease\", \"combination\": \"joint\", \"conditions\": [{\"entity_slug\": \"garlic-enteric-lawson-2018\", \"state\": \"administered\"}, {\"entity_slug\": \"high-protein-meal-lawson-2018\", \"state\": \"co-administered\"}]}","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"Explicit extracted experimental comparison; source-derived draft.","entity":null},{"dimension":"experimental_model","value_text":"Human enteric-tablet/meal comparison; breath AMS AUC.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"interpretation_status","value_text":"Source-derived extraction of a fact-checked reference; access is explicit, not independent raw-data verification.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"limitations","value_text":"Joint formulation-meal exposure; not a general protein-induced inhibition of allicin or clinical benefit.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"plain_language","value_text":"A high-protein meal reduced relative breath AMS exposure from the tested enteric products to 22-57%.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"primary_references","value_text":"Allicin Bioavailability and Bioequivalence from Garlic Supplements and Garlic Foods. | 2018 | DOI 10.3390/nu10070812 | PMID 29937536 | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29937536/ | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6073756/ | https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10070812","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"source_locator","value_text":"Reviewed reference lines 29-29; exact primary location described in quoted passage where extracted.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null}],"evidence":[{"id":"e274f13e-8e72-5665-842f-4f0c044fd873","evidence_kind":"source_excerpt","locator":"Lines 29-29","start_line":29,"end_line":29,"excerpt":"**Human breath measurements.** Lawson and Hunsaker compared preparations using thirty-two-hour breath allyl methyl sulfide (AMS) exposure in thirteen participants. Their relative results were 80–111% for tested non-enteric tablets, 36–104% for enteric tablets, and 22–57% for enteric products with high-protein meals, relative to homogenized raw garlic. These percentages are not absolute bioavailability of intact plasma allicin. The study also found contributions from SAC-related precursors to AMS, particularly relevant to preparations with inhibited alliinase. Thus AMS is a useful preparation-comparison marker with chemical-origin limitations. Enteric coating is not automatically superior. Meal effects, disintegration, enzyme activity, and the assay all matter. [Lawson and Hunsaker 2018](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6073756/)","model_system":"Human enteric-tablet/meal comparison; breath AMS AUC.","directness":"reported_statement","verification_status":"source_recorded","notes":"Exact excerpt of the retained AI-assisted reviewed reference; primary sources are cited in primary_references and access scope is retained. Not a verbatim quotation from a primary paper.","relationship":"supports","weight":1.0,"link_notes":"","source":{"id":"10820a6b-594a-547d-97f9-906ab4cc1d6e","stable_key":"import-c836a883-ac18-5eb2-9971-2f0b542feba8","title":"Allicin: detailed mechanisms of action (reviewed 5 October 2026)","document_type":"imported_text","citation_label":"Original AI-assisted review of primary studies and, where relevant, official regulatory records. Access level is retained per claim. Corrections, null results and unresolved questions remain explicit. Not publisher full text or independent replication.","file_path":"","sha256":"2475d3eb681100a0a34577a47b7cba5b251df866fbd6ce795122ccabee360018","revision_id":"590df96d-2ed1-5763-b04c-bf0e096e603c","review_status":"source_recorded","notes":""}}],"relations":[],"conflicts":[],"corrections":[],"research":null}