{"id":"8229c7f2-b37b-5803-9764-d95154e05630","stable_key":"cab605fe-8a82-5191-9966-d19a9628c24c:betalains-nqo1-expression","predicate":"increases_expression","statement":"Betanin increased NQO1 transcript and protein abundance in THLE-2 cells.","claim_class":"mechanistic","status":"source_derived_draft","evidence_grade":"ungraded","direction":"positive","is_public":true,"mechanism_event_id":"460ff01d-9540-593d-a1be-e4086043692f","mechanism_event_label":"Betanin increased NQO1 transcript and protein abundance in THLE-2 cells.","subject":{"id":"6c12bb61-c9c2-5c6d-a087-a292145ccaf0","slug":"betanin","display_name":"Betanin","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"object":{"id":"01f73291-ab25-59e2-a5e9-71d15a6c2a0a","slug":"nqo1","display_name":"Human NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1 / NQO1","entity_type_key":"protein"},"evidence_count":1,"mechanism_event":{"id":"460ff01d-9540-593d-a1be-e4086043692f","stable_key":"cab605fe-8a82-5191-9966-d19a9628c24c:betalains-nqo1-expression-event","event_type":"observed_relationship","label":"Betanin increased NQO1 transcript and protein abundance in THLE-2 cells.","description":"Betanin increased NQO1 transcript and protein abundance in THLE-2 cells.","status":"provisional","compartment":null,"participants":[{"entity":{"id":"6c12bb61-c9c2-5c6d-a087-a292145ccaf0","slug":"betanin","display_name":"Betanin","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"role":"subject","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":0,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"01f73291-ab25-59e2-a5e9-71d15a6c2a0a","slug":"nqo1","display_name":"Human NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1 / NQO1","entity_type_key":"protein"},"role":"target","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":1,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"dc472dd3-d383-567a-ab37-a9ec4e112df4","slug":"nfe2l2","display_name":"Human Nrf2 / NFE2L2","entity_type_key":"protein"},"role":"context_participant","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":2,"notes":""}]},"contexts":[{"dimension":"dose","value_text":"Betanin 2, 10 and 20 micromolar","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"duration","value_text":"Not specified in accessed primary abstract","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"evidence_access","value_text":"Primary PubMed abstract; detailed exposure for PMID 23931157 additionally checked in publisher results. No uninspected full text is claimed.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"evidence_scope","value_text":"literature_reviewed; source-derived curation, not universally established human effects","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"experimental_model","value_text":"Human THLE-2 non-tumour liver and HepG2 hepatoma cell lines","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"limitations","value_text":"Responses differed by cell line. Nuclear translocation is not proof of universal transcriptional activation; kinase association does not prove direct binding.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"nutrient_topic","value_text":"Betalains collection; each molecular form, species, exposure and preparation remains explicit.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":{"slug":"betalains","display_name":"Betalains","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"}},{"dimension":"organism","value_text":"Human THLE-2 non-tumour liver and HepG2 hepatoma cell lines","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"plain_language","value_text":"Betanin increased NQO1 transcript and protein abundance in THLE-2 cells.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"primary_references","value_text":"Betanin, a beetroot component, induces nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2-mediated expression of detoxifying/antioxidant enzymes in human liver cell lines. (2013). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23769299/ DOI: 10.1017/S0007114513001645","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"route","value_text":"In vitro incubation","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"tissue","value_text":"Liver-derived cells; cytosol and nucleus","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null}],"evidence":[{"id":"f8503e55-1e81-506d-8b95-a22f312e7e22","evidence_kind":"source_excerpt","locator":"Lines 227-235","start_line":227,"end_line":235,"excerpt":"## betalains-nqo1-expression\nBetanin increased NQO1 transcript and protein abundance in THLE-2 cells.\nModel/species: Human THLE-2 non-tumour liver and HepG2 hepatoma cell lines\nTissue: Liver-derived cells; cytosol and nucleus\nExposure: Betanin 2, 10 and 20 micromolar\nRoute: In vitro incubation\nDuration: Not specified in accessed primary abstract\nLimits: Responses differed by cell line. Nuclear translocation is not proof of universal transcriptional activation; kinase association does not prove direct binding.\nPrimary reference: Betanin, a beetroot component, induces nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2-mediated expression of detoxifying/antioxidant enzymes in human liver cell lines. (2013). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23769299/ DOI: 10.1017/S0007114513001645","model_system":"Human THLE-2 non-tumour liver and HepG2 hepatoma cell lines","directness":"reported_statement","verification_status":"source_derived_draft","notes":"Exact archived curation span; an original paraphrase with an individually identified primary reference.","relationship":"supports","weight":1.0,"link_notes":"","source":{"id":"be94d093-444c-5729-8831-bc33b0ef2fd7","stable_key":"import-cab605fe-8a82-5191-9966-d19a9628c24c","title":"Betalains: mechanisms, molecular forms and cross-actor connections (2026-09-20)","document_type":"imported_text","citation_label":"Original AI-assisted curation of twelve primary research papers; study-specific PubMed/DOI links and limitations retained. Not publisher full text.","file_path":"","sha256":"adb4fb8586481a69da5d2fe5cf62ad1dae2509af524352673fc7427123eeda87","revision_id":"a328b3f9-66d2-59e2-bd8f-de651c3c7649","review_status":"unverified_draft","notes":""}}],"relations":[],"conflicts":[],"corrections":[],"research":null}