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Vesicle arrival near the membrane and actual membrane insertion are different observations; no amplification of the tested proximal insulin signals was found.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"nutrient_topic","value_text":"Chromium research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":{"slug":"chromium","display_name":"Chromium","entity_type_key":"nutrient_element"}},{"dimension":"organism","value_text":"Mouse 3T3-L1 adipocytes","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"plain_language","value_text":"The transporter effect did not require a bigger response in the insulin-signaling measurements tested here.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"primary_references","value_text":"[chromium-p16339278] Chromium activates glucose transporter 4 trafficking and enhances insulin-stimulated glucose transport in 3T3-L1 adipocytes via a cholesterol-dependent mechanism. (2006). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16339278/ DOI: 10.1210/me.2005-0255","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"tissue_or_cell_type","value_text":"Cultured adipocyte plasma membrane","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null}],"evidence":[{"id":"2ec20256-08e4-59f2-9dda-30a2c8759344","evidence_kind":"source_excerpt","locator":"Lines 341-352","start_line":341,"end_line":352,"excerpt":"### chromium-proximal-signaling-not-amplified\nChromium-associated GLUT4 trafficking in this study was not accompanied by enhancement of the examined insulin-receptor, IRS-1, PI3K or Akt signaling steps.\nCondition category: normal\nnutrient_topic: Chromium research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect.\nplain_language: The transporter effect did not require a bigger response in the insulin-signaling measurements tested here.\norganism: Mouse 3T3-L1 adipocytes\ntissue_or_cell_type: Cultured adipocyte plasma membrane\nexperimental_model: GLUT4 trafficking, glucose uptake and cholesterol add-back experiments\nlimitations: Cell-culture pharmacology does not establish an essential dietary function. Vesicle arrival near the membrane and actual membrane insertion are different observations; no amplification of the tested proximal insulin signals was found.\nexposure: Chromium(III) chloride or chromium picolinate; insulin stimulation and cholesterol manipulation\nevidence_span: {\"source_cache\": \"artifacts/chromium-research/16339278.abstract.txt\", \"locator\": \"Exact primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets\", \"file_sha256\": \"57c07800ec80a0386c1c510fe0bd73bc5ebf196541580a5255565f8deafde657\", \"start_char\": 0, \"end_char\": 1949, \"text_sha256\": \"57c07800ec80a0386c1c510fe0bd73bc5ebf196541580a5255565f8deafde657\"}\n[chromium-p16339278] Chromium activates glucose transporter 4 trafficking and enhances insulin-stimulated glucose transport in 3T3-L1 adipocytes via a cholesterol-dependent mechanism. (2006). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16339278/ DOI: 10.1210/me.2005-0255","model_system":"GLUT4 trafficking, glucose uptake and cholesterol add-back experiments","directness":"author_interpretation","verification_status":"source_derived_draft","notes":"Exact curation-document quotation, not publisher quotation. Study references: [chromium-p16339278] Chromium activates glucose transporter 4 trafficking and enhances insulin-stimulated glucose transport in 3T3-L1 adipocytes via a cholesterol-dependent mechanism. 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