{"id":"7f073f33-b5e7-52d5-aaab-1d1001bcaa0b","stable_key":"b26c9d01-98fd-50d3-8f39-44db46961ee5:acetate-acetate-glp1-perfused","predicate":"increases","statement":"Luminal and especially vascular infusion of acetate and butyrate significantly increased colonic GLP-1 secretion and to a minor extent PYY secretion in the isolated perfused rat colon, but only after enhancement of intracellular cAMP, while propionate affected neither GLP-1 nor PYY by either route.","claim_class":"mechanistic","status":"source_derived_draft","evidence_grade":"ungraded","direction":"positive","is_public":true,"mechanism_event_id":"a0d3ea59-41ee-5006-85c8-ffdc1fa4b74e","mechanism_event_label":"Acetate and butyrate released the hormone from the isolated gut; propionate did not.","subject":{"id":"e366e758-1fb0-5573-aed1-34f6df874ac7","slug":"acetate","display_name":"Acetate","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"object":{"id":"9086d887-f5ea-5dfb-a68f-adb2c2bda3c7","slug":"plasma-glp1-response","display_name":"Plasma GLP-1 response in the specified meal or glucose challenge","entity_type_key":"cellular_process"},"evidence_count":1,"mechanism_event":{"id":"a0d3ea59-41ee-5006-85c8-ffdc1fa4b74e","stable_key":"b26c9d01-98fd-50d3-8f39-44db46961ee5:acetate-acetate-glp1-perfused-event","event_type":"biochemical_relationship","label":"Acetate and butyrate released the hormone from the isolated gut; propionate did not.","description":"Luminal and especially vascular infusion of acetate and butyrate significantly increased colonic GLP-1 secretion and to a minor extent PYY secretion in the isolated perfused rat colon, but only after enhancement of intracellular cAMP, while propionate affected neither GLP-1 nor PYY by either route.","status":"provisional","compartment":null,"participants":[{"entity":{"id":"d9f4163f-6464-579c-9d02-d59bc1006931","slug":"perfused-rat-colon","display_name":"The isolated perfused rat colon preparation","entity_type_key":"cell_type"},"role":"preparation","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":0,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"e7428a7f-d35a-5406-9904-a88984814833","slug":"butyrate","display_name":"Butyrate","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"role":"co_active_ligand","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":1,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"f3eec97e-b0aa-59a2-9947-b205a7efdb10","slug":"propionate","display_name":"Propionate","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"role":"inactive_ligand","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":2,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"73549889-f47c-573b-afa2-c0b79b766218","slug":"plasma-pyy-response","display_name":"PYY secretion measured in plasma or perfusate","entity_type_key":"cellular_process"},"role":"co_measured","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":3,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"e366e758-1fb0-5573-aed1-34f6df874ac7","slug":"acetate","display_name":"Acetate","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"role":"subject","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":4,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"9086d887-f5ea-5dfb-a68f-adb2c2bda3c7","slug":"plasma-glp1-response","display_name":"Plasma GLP-1 response in the specified meal or glucose challenge","entity_type_key":"cellular_process"},"role":"target","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":5,"notes":""}]},"contexts":[{"dimension":"evidence_span","value_text":"{\"source_cache\": \"artifacts/acetate-research/29494208.abstract.txt\", \"locator\": \"Indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets\", \"file_sha256\": \"9f8def7b832fdd5d5aed67891c84b18b597d558d9361a92412ccc44264b88126\", \"start_char\": 0, \"end_char\": 2445, \"text_sha256\": \"9f8def7b832fdd5d5aed67891c84b18b597d558d9361a92412ccc44264b88126\"}","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"experimental_model","value_text":"Isolated perfused rat colon with luminal and vascular short-chain fatty acid infusion and receptor pharmacology","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"exposure","value_text":"Acetate, propionate and butyrate perfused luminally or vascularly, with FFAR2/FFAR3 agonists, an FFAR3 antagonist, nifedipine, diazoxide and 2,4-dinitrophenol","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"limitations","value_text":"An isolated organ preparation with an intact blood supply. It reaches the opposite mechanistic conclusion from the knockout work in this collection and is why the receptor route is recorded as disputed.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"nutrient_topic","value_text":"Acetic acid research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct clinical effect, and the ingested acid is recorded separately from the circulating acetate anion.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":{"slug":"acetic-acid","display_name":"Acetic acid","entity_type_key":"chemical_species"}},{"dimension":"organism","value_text":"Rat","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"plain_language","value_text":"Acetate and butyrate released the hormone from the isolated gut; propionate did not.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"primary_references","value_text":"[acetate-p29494208] The impact of short-chain fatty acids on GLP-1 and PYY secretion from the isolated perfused rat colon. (2018). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29494208/ DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00346.2017","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"tissue_or_cell_type","value_text":"Colon","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null}],"evidence":[{"id":"8750a447-e183-56cb-b0f1-5c51f321abea","evidence_kind":"source_excerpt","locator":"Lines 329-340","start_line":329,"end_line":340,"excerpt":"### acetate-acetate-glp1-perfused\nLuminal and especially vascular infusion of acetate and butyrate significantly increased colonic GLP-1 secretion and to a minor extent PYY secretion in the isolated perfused rat colon, but only after enhancement of intracellular cAMP, while propionate affected neither GLP-1 nor PYY by either route.\nCondition category: normal\nnutrient_topic: Acetic acid research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct clinical effect, and the ingested acid is recorded separately from the circulating acetate anion.\nplain_language: Acetate and butyrate released the hormone from the isolated gut; propionate did not.\norganism: Rat\ntissue_or_cell_type: Colon\nexperimental_model: Isolated perfused rat colon with luminal and vascular short-chain fatty acid infusion and receptor pharmacology\nlimitations: An isolated organ preparation with an intact blood supply. It reaches the opposite mechanistic conclusion from the knockout work in this collection and is why the receptor route is recorded as disputed.\nexposure: Acetate, propionate and butyrate perfused luminally or vascularly, with FFAR2/FFAR3 agonists, an FFAR3 antagonist, nifedipine, diazoxide and 2,4-dinitrophenol\nevidence_span: {\"source_cache\": \"artifacts/acetate-research/29494208.abstract.txt\", \"locator\": \"Indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets\", \"file_sha256\": \"9f8def7b832fdd5d5aed67891c84b18b597d558d9361a92412ccc44264b88126\", \"start_char\": 0, \"end_char\": 2445, \"text_sha256\": \"9f8def7b832fdd5d5aed67891c84b18b597d558d9361a92412ccc44264b88126\"}\n[acetate-p29494208] The impact of short-chain fatty acids on GLP-1 and PYY secretion from the isolated perfused rat colon. (2018). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29494208/ DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00346.2017","model_system":"Isolated perfused rat colon with luminal and vascular short-chain fatty acid infusion and receptor pharmacology","directness":"author_interpretation","verification_status":"source_derived_draft","notes":"Exact curation-document quotation, not publisher quotation. Study references: [acetate-p29494208] The impact of short-chain fatty acids on GLP-1 and PYY secretion from the isolated perfused rat colon. (2018). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29494208/ DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00346.2017","relationship":"supports","weight":1.0,"link_notes":"","source":{"id":"8356baaf-173c-5549-80cd-bbbb2007ffb5","stable_key":"import-b26c9d01-98fd-50d3-8f39-44db46961ee5","title":"Acetic acid: the ingested acid, the receptors acetate binds, the acetyl-CoA it becomes, and the acetyl groups that reach histones (2026-09-21)","document_type":"imported_text","citation_label":"AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text.","file_path":"","sha256":"1441d249b16db25c0d488407e5cc881222acffc2f16af88cb3197d9d5697bccc","revision_id":"9bfeb605-f589-5e99-84b9-e56968a3bc1f","review_status":"unverified_draft","notes":""}}],"relations":[],"conflicts":[],"corrections":[],"research":null}