{"id":"7d05a4db-df6f-5f88-bcae-233e10c684ea","stable_key":"c3df3634-4c3a-5099-a5d9-e4f6344c1084:aldh9a1-tmaba-oxidation","predicate":"converted_to","statement":"Human ALDH9A1 oxidizes trimethylaminobutyraldehyde to gamma-butyrobetaine using NAD+.","claim_class":"mechanistic","status":"source_derived_draft","evidence_grade":"ungraded","direction":"context_dependent","is_public":true,"mechanism_event_id":"5fe244c4-92f9-5246-9c69-23d9e31af02b","mechanism_event_label":"An aldehyde is converted into the immediate carnitine precursor.","subject":{"id":"b11e7a9c-d4c0-5f9e-92d1-9f1ca432bab3","slug":"trimethylaminobutyraldehyde","display_name":"4-Trimethylaminobutyraldehyde","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"object":{"id":"e83c0395-55f1-5483-9710-9b9aa9767689","slug":"gamma-butyrobetaine","display_name":"gamma-Butyrobetaine","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"evidence_count":1,"mechanism_event":{"id":"5fe244c4-92f9-5246-9c69-23d9e31af02b","stable_key":"c3df3634-4c3a-5099-a5d9-e4f6344c1084:aldh9a1-tmaba-oxidation-event","event_type":"biochemical_relationship","label":"An aldehyde is converted into the immediate carnitine precursor.","description":"Human ALDH9A1 oxidizes trimethylaminobutyraldehyde to gamma-butyrobetaine using NAD+.","status":"provisional","compartment":null,"participants":[{"entity":{"id":"c31af957-2ab3-5b80-b389-8989755433e4","slug":"aldh9a1","display_name":"ALDH9A1","entity_type_key":"protein"},"role":"catalyst","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":0,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"b11e7a9c-d4c0-5f9e-92d1-9f1ca432bab3","slug":"trimethylaminobutyraldehyde","display_name":"4-Trimethylaminobutyraldehyde","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"role":"substrate","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":1,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"283ed24b-06a1-50aa-9281-df3bac6ce37e","slug":"nad-plus","display_name":"NAD+","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"role":"oxidizing_cofactor","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":2,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"d31225b7-8e94-5857-9ea1-67ac794b1f15","slug":"water","display_name":"H2O","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"role":"cosubstrate","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":3,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"e83c0395-55f1-5483-9710-9b9aa9767689","slug":"gamma-butyrobetaine","display_name":"gamma-Butyrobetaine","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"role":"product","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":4,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"9fbf2e03-16a9-5ca7-965c-0bfc07ca24da","slug":"nadh","display_name":"NADH","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"role":"product","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":5,"notes":""}]},"contexts":[{"dimension":"experimental_model","value_text":"Rat enzyme purification and recombinant human ALDH9 comparison","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"limitations","value_text":"ALDH9A1 has additional aldehyde substrates.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"organism","value_text":"Homo sapiens","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"plain_language","value_text":"An aldehyde is converted into the immediate carnitine precursor.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"primary_references","value_text":"[vaz2000] Molecular and biochemical characterization of rat gamma-trimethylaminobutyraldehyde dehydrogenase and evidence for the involvement of human aldehyde dehydrogenase 9 in carnitine biosynthesis (2000). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10702312/ DOI: 10.1074/jbc.275.10.7390","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"tissue_or_cell_type","value_text":"Cytosolic carnitine-biosynthesis reaction","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null}],"evidence":[{"id":"b7a1d4f7-52e1-5a21-9532-80c859965b25","evidence_kind":"source_excerpt","locator":"Lines 197-205","start_line":197,"end_line":205,"excerpt":"### aldh9a1-tmaba-oxidation\nHuman ALDH9A1 oxidizes trimethylaminobutyraldehyde to gamma-butyrobetaine using NAD+.\nPlain language: An aldehyde is converted into the immediate carnitine precursor.\nCondition category: normal\norganism: Homo sapiens\ntissue_or_cell_type: Cytosolic carnitine-biosynthesis reaction\nexperimental_model: Rat enzyme purification and recombinant human ALDH9 comparison\nlimitations: ALDH9A1 has additional aldehyde substrates.\n[vaz2000] Molecular and biochemical characterization of rat gamma-trimethylaminobutyraldehyde dehydrogenase and evidence for the involvement of human aldehyde dehydrogenase 9 in carnitine biosynthesis (2000). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10702312/ DOI: 10.1074/jbc.275.10.7390","model_system":"Rat enzyme purification and recombinant human ALDH9 comparison","directness":"author_interpretation","verification_status":"source_derived_draft","notes":"Exact quote from the accompanying curation document, not from publisher text. Original study references: [vaz2000] Molecular and biochemical characterization of rat gamma-trimethylaminobutyraldehyde dehydrogenase and evidence for the involvement of human aldehyde dehydrogenase 9 in carnitine biosynthesis (2000). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10702312/ DOI: 10.1074/jbc.275.10.7390","relationship":"supports","weight":1.0,"link_notes":"","source":{"id":"7633bde7-dcc9-5086-91c6-a45eb96857f3","stable_key":"import-c3df3634-4c3a-5099-a5d9-e4f6344c1084","title":"L-Lysine: mechanism-first literature curation (2026-09-17)","document_type":"imported_text","citation_label":"AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text.","file_path":"","sha256":"93998d47c21525409ba82f1c82ededf2893dff15fbe61c7deffc175b0e298e97","revision_id":"3897e31f-6624-59e1-a053-8a81b7361632","review_status":"unverified_draft","notes":""}}],"relations":[],"conflicts":[],"corrections":[],"research":null}