{"id":"7c814441-c5bd-5b34-9a45-0c91b0531caf","stable_key":"bf161ddf-8b82-5d65-b86d-0b41245aac61:phlorizin-diabetic-rat-insulin-sensitivity","predicate":"restores_indirectly","statement":"Four weeks of phlorizin lowered hyperglycemia and normalized clamp-measured hepatic and peripheral insulin action in neonatal-streptozotocin diabetic rats without changing insulin secretion or pancreatic insulin content.","claim_class":"mechanistic","status":"source_derived_draft","evidence_grade":"ungraded","direction":"positive","is_public":true,"mechanism_event_id":"8d8399d3-f78d-58ad-a0bd-190320544e3b","mechanism_event_label":"Four weeks of phlorizin lowered hyperglycemia and normalized clamp-measured hepatic and peripheral insulin action in neonatal-streptozotocin diabetic rats without changing insulin secretion or pancreatic insulin content.","subject":{"id":"3516a0ba-1f72-5e1b-bccb-7fca992f96f7","slug":"phlorizin","display_name":"Phlorizin","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"object":{"id":"975db66a-5f93-5509-a10f-d0eb205e4916","slug":"diabetic-rat-hepatic-and-peripheral-insulin-sensitivity","display_name":"Hepatic and peripheral insulin sensitivity in diabetic rats","entity_type_key":"cellular_process"},"evidence_count":1,"mechanism_event":{"id":"8d8399d3-f78d-58ad-a0bd-190320544e3b","stable_key":"bf161ddf-8b82-5d65-b86d-0b41245aac61:phlorizin-diabetic-rat-insulin-sensitivity-event","event_type":"observed_relationship","label":"Four weeks of phlorizin lowered hyperglycemia and normalized clamp-measured hepatic and peripheral insulin action in neonatal-streptozotocin diabetic rats without changing insulin secretion or pancreatic insulin content.","description":"Four weeks of phlorizin lowered hyperglycemia and normalized clamp-measured hepatic and peripheral insulin action in neonatal-streptozotocin diabetic rats without changing insulin secretion or pancreatic insulin content.","status":"provisional","compartment":null,"participants":[{"entity":{"id":"3516a0ba-1f72-5e1b-bccb-7fca992f96f7","slug":"phlorizin","display_name":"Phlorizin","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"role":"subject","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":0,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"975db66a-5f93-5509-a10f-d0eb205e4916","slug":"diabetic-rat-hepatic-and-peripheral-insulin-sensitivity","display_name":"Hepatic and peripheral insulin sensitivity in diabetic rats","entity_type_key":"cellular_process"},"role":"target","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":1,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"d7ab69c0-cd7d-587c-b315-47af56493182","slug":"insulin","display_name":"Insulin","entity_type_key":"protein"},"role":"context_participant","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":2,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"8ae7848b-f172-5e09-8acf-5ca914907b0b","slug":"glucose","display_name":"D-glucose","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"role":"context_participant","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":3,"notes":""}]},"contexts":[{"dimension":"dose","value_text":"Chronic phlorizin by osmotic minipump","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"duration","value_text":"4 weeks","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"evidence_access","value_text":"Primary PubMed abstract and indexed metadata reviewed. 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(1990). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2198430/ DOI: 10.1016/0026-0495(90)90120-2","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"route","value_text":"Parenteral infusion","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"tissue","value_text":"Euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp and insulin secretion","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null}],"evidence":[{"id":"a34000a1-30f8-5b96-adfa-3aac84a9c1cf","evidence_kind":"source_excerpt","locator":"Lines 99-108","start_line":99,"end_line":108,"excerpt":"## phlorizin-diabetic-rat-insulin-sensitivity\nFour weeks of phlorizin lowered hyperglycemia and normalized clamp-measured hepatic and peripheral insulin action in neonatal-streptozotocin diabetic rats without changing insulin secretion or pancreatic insulin content.\nModel/species: Adult rats with neonatal-streptozotocin-induced diabetes\nTissue/system: Euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp and insulin secretion\nExposure: Chronic phlorizin by osmotic minipump\nRoute: Parenteral infusion\nDuration: 4 weeks\nLimits: The study supports reversal of glucose toxicity in this rat model, not direct insulin-receptor agonism or human use.\nPrimary reference: Insulin resistance in rats with non-insulin-dependent diabetes induced by neonatal (5 days) streptozotocin: evidence for reversal following phlorizin treatment. (1990). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2198430/ DOI: 10.1016/0026-0495(90)90120-2\nAccess: Primary PubMed abstract and indexed metadata reviewed. Full-text method details not stated here remain unresolved.","model_system":"Adult rats with neonatal-streptozotocin-induced diabetes","directness":"reported_statement","verification_status":"source_derived_draft","notes":"Exact original curation span with primary citation; not a publisher quotation.","relationship":"supports","weight":1.0,"link_notes":"","source":{"id":"7d4bfcb9-1665-5686-8b8a-1ad17ad6a4d2","stable_key":"import-bf161ddf-8b82-5d65-b86d-0b41245aac61","title":"Phlorizin: mechanism of action and interactions (2026-09-20)","document_type":"imported_text","citation_label":"Original AI-assisted source-specific curation with primary-study citations, model, exposure, route, duration, negative findings and limitations preserved. 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