{"id":"7c5092e7-475a-58ca-9738-90ac955f6222","stable_key":"33bef151-bdc7-5892-aff6-0345ab149739:a-retrospective-cohort-reports-plaque-reduction-at-high-dose","predicate":"reduces","statement":"In a retrospective cohort of 1,062 participants, 10,800 FU per day for 12 months was followed by reduced carotid intima-media thickness and carotid plaque size, with improvement rates of 66.5 to 95.4%.","claim_class":"mechanistic","status":"source_derived_draft","evidence_grade":"ungraded","direction":"negative","is_public":true,"mechanism_event_id":"db277c31-8e59-5b30-8bfd-7729bfec9a08","mechanism_event_label":"In a retrospective cohort of 1,062 participants, 10,800 FU per day for 12 months was followed by reduced carotid intima-media thickness and carotid plaque size, with improvement rates of 66.5 to 95.4%","subject":{"id":"e8eb9bb4-3c6f-5e96-a968-a6d1fece71e7","slug":"nattokinase-supplement","display_name":"Commercial nattokinase supplement, composition study-specific","entity_type_key":"chemical_species"},"object":{"id":"b85ffd57-0433-5179-bb55-179b51fd155c","slug":"carotid-plaque-area","display_name":"Carotid plaque area","entity_type_key":"cellular_process"},"evidence_count":1,"mechanism_event":{"id":"db277c31-8e59-5b30-8bfd-7729bfec9a08","stable_key":"33bef151-bdc7-5892-aff6-0345ab149739:a-retrospective-cohort-reports-plaque-reduction-at-high-dose-event","event_type":"observed_intervention","label":"In a retrospective cohort of 1,062 participants, 10,800 FU per day for 12 months was followed by reduced carotid intima-media thickness and carotid plaque size, with improvement rates of 66.5 to 95.4%","description":"Carotid artery imaging and blood lipids","status":"provisional","compartment":null,"participants":[{"entity":{"id":"e8eb9bb4-3c6f-5e96-a968-a6d1fece71e7","slug":"nattokinase-supplement","display_name":"Commercial nattokinase supplement, composition study-specific","entity_type_key":"chemical_species"},"role":"acting component","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":0,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"b85ffd57-0433-5179-bb55-179b51fd155c","slug":"carotid-plaque-area","display_name":"Carotid plaque area","entity_type_key":"cellular_process"},"role":"component the finding is about","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":1,"notes":""}]},"contexts":[{"dimension":"duration","value_text":"12 months","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"evidence_access","value_text":"Primary PubMed abstract and indexed metadata reviewed. Full-text method details not stated here remain unresolved.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"experimental_model","value_text":"Human (1,062 outpatients)","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"exposure","value_text":"Nattokinase, 10,800 FU per day","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"limitations","value_text":"Uncontrolled and retrospective, with selection and regression-to-the-mean risk, self-reported lifestyle data and manufacturer-employed authors. Causal inference from it is low certainty. 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Every reference in that document was resolved against live PubMed with its abstract read and its DOI cross-checked on 2026-09-23, and the EFSA novel-food opinion was retrieved and read in full. That check corrected two PMIDs that pointed at unrelated papers, two DOIs, and two papers recorded as carrying no erratum that do carry one; it also reversed three findings the supplied document had stated backwards. Two papers carry a published correction, recorded as such and not as a retraction. Three sources are not indexed in PubMed and are cited by what they have. Laboratory lineages are recorded, so the four papers from one group, the three from another and the two readings of a single applicant dossier cannot be counted as separate lines of support. Study-specific doses, units, populations and limitations retained; activity units are never converted between systems. Not publisher full text.","file_path":"","sha256":"34fc46e0e849d06bfa13cb099a79b50679dd6fd0de8a5a0575326afdde3259c1","revision_id":"efd063e6-e982-5f6e-a4b8-6f2ffe4185ce","review_status":"unverified_draft","notes":""}}],"relations":[{"id":"5f4863da-1fba-5270-87d2-ee752a7e1b97","relation_type":"contradicts","notes":"A randomized placebo-controlled mono-arm found no lipid effect over six months where the uncontrolled cohort reports significant improvement.","source_claim_id":"516e5a5b-6959-56c8-bc8b-0f6284573853","source_claim_key":"33bef151-bdc7-5892-aff6-0345ab149739:nattokinase-alone-does-not-improve-blood-lipids","source_statement":"A nattokinase-only formula showed no effect on blood lipids through six months, while the same enzyme combined with red yeast rice improved every lipid measured from month one.","target_claim_id":"7c5092e7-475a-58ca-9738-90ac955f6222","target_claim_key":"33bef151-bdc7-5892-aff6-0345ab149739:a-retrospective-cohort-reports-plaque-reduction-at-high-dose","target_statement":"In a retrospective cohort of 1,062 participants, 10,800 FU per day for 12 months was followed by reduced carotid intima-media thickness and carotid plaque size, with improvement rates of 66.5 to 95.4%."},{"id":"aead9f9d-2906-5f37-bba3-21b1a844a757","relation_type":"qualifies","notes":"The same cohort reporting nothing at 3,600 FU per day is what makes the 10,800 FU result a dose-response argument rather than only an uncontrolled one.","source_claim_id":"3d697228-c647-53a2-a7fb-3e5a72b4c57f","source_claim_key":"33bef151-bdc7-5892-aff6-0345ab149739:the-same-cohort-reports-no-effect-at-the-lower-dose","source_statement":"The same cohort found nattokinase ineffective for lipids and atherosclerosis progression at 3,600 FU per day.","target_claim_id":"7c5092e7-475a-58ca-9738-90ac955f6222","target_claim_key":"33bef151-bdc7-5892-aff6-0345ab149739:a-retrospective-cohort-reports-plaque-reduction-at-high-dose","target_statement":"In a retrospective cohort of 1,062 participants, 10,800 FU per day for 12 months was followed by reduced carotid intima-media thickness and carotid plaque size, with improvement rates of 66.5 to 95.4%."}],"conflicts":[{"id":"209a9142-3c57-534c-ac48-a7cfe8887122","title":"33bef151-bdc7-5892-aff6-0345ab149739:nattokinase-alone-does-not-improve-blood-lipids / 33bef151-bdc7-5892-aff6-0345ab149739:a-retrospective-cohort-reports-plaque-reduction-at-high-dose","kind":"contradicts","status":"recorded_relation","why":"The ledger explicitly records that ‘A nattokinase-only formula showed no effect on blood lipids through six months, while the same enzyme combined with red yeast rice improved every lipid measured from month one.’ contradicts ‘In a retrospective cohort of 1,062 participants, 10,800 FU per day for 12 months was followed by reduced carotid intima-media thickness and carotid plaque size, with improvement rates of 66.5 to 95.4%.’. 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