{"id":"7b461d22-7f30-5b77-aae6-1d01ac2c3fd8","stable_key":"7484635e-cc8f-5cd6-a978-6dc5775a7db5:berberine-tmao-mice","predicate":"reduces","statement":"Berberine lowered TMA/TMAO production in choline-fed mice; labeled-choline tracing supported altered microbial conversion.","claim_class":"mechanistic","status":"source_derived_draft","evidence_grade":"ungraded","direction":"context_dependent","is_public":true,"mechanism_event_id":"88c6158c-39e2-59eb-9f46-74829cbb54e1","mechanism_event_label":"A microbial change was linked to a circulating metabolite in animals.","subject":{"id":"7bbe0633-b2f1-510f-adc0-3c4d0ddad05d","slug":"berberine","display_name":"Berberine","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"object":{"id":"96dbfead-ed21-575c-82f8-eda23ef9a51c","slug":"circulating-tmao-concentration","display_name":"Circulating trimethylamine N-oxide concentration","entity_type_key":"cellular_process"},"evidence_count":1,"mechanism_event":{"id":"88c6158c-39e2-59eb-9f46-74829cbb54e1","stable_key":"7484635e-cc8f-5cd6-a978-6dc5775a7db5:berberine-tmao-mice-event","event_type":"biochemical_relationship","label":"A microbial change was linked to a circulating metabolite in animals.","description":"Berberine lowered TMA/TMAO production in choline-fed mice; labeled-choline tracing supported altered microbial conversion.","status":"provisional","compartment":null,"participants":[{"entity":{"id":"ffdcd3fa-0e47-5c2b-96e2-00b7d1d5674e","slug":"trimethylamine","display_name":"Trimethylamine / TMA","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"role":"precursor","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":0,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"8b3c1617-bb80-5858-bde0-65e139efbc68","slug":"trimethylamine-n-oxide","display_name":"Trimethylamine N-oxide / TMAO","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"role":"measured_product","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":1,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"7bbe0633-b2f1-510f-adc0-3c4d0ddad05d","slug":"berberine","display_name":"Berberine","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"role":"subject","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":2,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"96dbfead-ed21-575c-82f8-eda23ef9a51c","slug":"circulating-tmao-concentration","display_name":"Circulating trimethylamine N-oxide concentration","entity_type_key":"cellular_process"},"role":"target","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":3,"notes":""}]},"contexts":[{"dimension":"evidence_span","value_text":"{\"source_cache\": \"artifacts/berberine-research/33863898.abstract.txt\", \"locator\": \"Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets\", \"file_sha256\": \"a81ea95bbf1d7f7f1e924998b9e02bc29d908d759dd575ffdf9c56bf4deb9b77\", \"start_char\": 0, \"end_char\": 1309, \"text_sha256\": \"a81ea95bbf1d7f7f1e924998b9e02bc29d908d759dd575ffdf9c56bf4deb9b77\"}","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"experimental_model","value_text":"Choline tracer, microbial culture, microbiome transfer and atherosclerosis models","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"exposure","value_text":"Choline-supplemented chow and berberine; deuterated choline tracing","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"limitations","value_text":"Human fecal culture is not a human treatment trial. Reduced TMAO in mice does not establish fewer human cardiovascular events or justify reducing essential choline intake.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"nutrient_topic","value_text":"Berberine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":{"slug":"berberine","display_name":"Berberine","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"}},{"dimension":"organism","value_text":"C57BL/6J and ApoE-knockout mice; bacterial cultures and human fecal consortia","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"plain_language","value_text":"A microbial change was linked to a circulating metabolite in animals.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"primary_references","value_text":"[berberine-p33863898] Berberine attenuates choline-induced atherosclerosis by inhibiting trimethylamine and trimethylamine-N-oxide production via manipulating the gut microbiome. (2021). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33863898/ DOI: 10.1038/s41522-021-00205-8","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"tissue_or_cell_type","value_text":"Microbial choline metabolism","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null}],"evidence":[{"id":"3c4ad256-d780-59aa-916c-3a4b55d30ef1","evidence_kind":"source_excerpt","locator":"Lines 1091-1102","start_line":1091,"end_line":1102,"excerpt":"### berberine-tmao-mice\nBerberine lowered TMA/TMAO production in choline-fed mice; labeled-choline tracing supported altered microbial conversion.\nCondition category: normal\nnutrient_topic: Berberine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect.\nplain_language: A microbial change was linked to a circulating metabolite in animals.\norganism: C57BL/6J and ApoE-knockout mice; bacterial cultures and human fecal consortia\ntissue_or_cell_type: Microbial choline metabolism\nexperimental_model: Choline tracer, microbial culture, microbiome transfer and atherosclerosis models\nlimitations: Human fecal culture is not a human treatment trial. Reduced TMAO in mice does not establish fewer human cardiovascular events or justify reducing essential choline intake.\nexposure: Choline-supplemented chow and berberine; deuterated choline tracing\nevidence_span: {\"source_cache\": \"artifacts/berberine-research/33863898.abstract.txt\", \"locator\": \"Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets\", \"file_sha256\": \"a81ea95bbf1d7f7f1e924998b9e02bc29d908d759dd575ffdf9c56bf4deb9b77\", \"start_char\": 0, \"end_char\": 1309, \"text_sha256\": \"a81ea95bbf1d7f7f1e924998b9e02bc29d908d759dd575ffdf9c56bf4deb9b77\"}\n[berberine-p33863898] Berberine attenuates choline-induced atherosclerosis by inhibiting trimethylamine and trimethylamine-N-oxide production via manipulating the gut microbiome. (2021). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33863898/ DOI: 10.1038/s41522-021-00205-8","model_system":"Choline tracer, microbial culture, microbiome transfer and atherosclerosis models","directness":"author_interpretation","verification_status":"source_derived_draft","notes":"Exact curation-document quotation, not publisher quotation. Study references: [berberine-p33863898] Berberine attenuates choline-induced atherosclerosis by inhibiting trimethylamine and trimethylamine-N-oxide production via manipulating the gut microbiome. 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