{"id":"764f60c9-e2f2-59a0-969e-166651d4db91","stable_key":"a9dd23c6-978a-5755-8bd8-f29bd1fe0cda:nia-clin-nmn-muscle-signal","predicate":"increases_insulin_stimulated","statement":"Muscle insulin-stimulated AKT and mTOR phosphorylation and total abundance increased after NMN but not placebo.","claim_class":"observational","status":"source_derived_draft","evidence_grade":"ungraded","direction":"positive","is_public":true,"mechanism_event_id":"9ff36186-8eee-5631-af85-f747271053e7","mechanism_event_label":"The muscle response was accompanied by changes in insulin-signaling proteins.","subject":{"id":"d1c59139-db61-5fa0-a25d-40c3e625152e","slug":"nmn","display_name":"NMN","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"object":{"id":"0a49e73e-3e5e-5386-9529-67b1952a830f","slug":"muscle-akt-mtor-insulin-signaling","display_name":"Muscle insulin-stimulated AKT and mTOR signaling","entity_type_key":"cellular_process"},"evidence_count":1,"mechanism_event":{"id":"9ff36186-8eee-5631-af85-f747271053e7","stable_key":"a9dd23c6-978a-5755-8bd8-f29bd1fe0cda:nia-clin-nmn-muscle-signal-event","event_type":"observed_intervention","label":"The muscle response was accompanied by changes in insulin-signaling proteins.","description":"Muscle insulin-stimulated AKT and mTOR phosphorylation and total abundance increased after NMN but not placebo.","status":"provisional","compartment":null,"participants":[{"entity":{"id":"d7ab69c0-cd7d-587c-b315-47af56493182","slug":"insulin","display_name":"Insulin","entity_type_key":"protein"},"role":"stimulus","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":0,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"a13cb592-c939-5f92-9206-d774248802fc","slug":"akt-proteins","display_name":"AKT serine/threonine kinase family","entity_type_key":"protein_family"},"role":"measured_kinase_family","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":1,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"779b2149-a16f-58b8-815b-7f1f2620da1f","slug":"mtor","display_name":"Human mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase / MTOR","entity_type_key":"protein"},"role":"measured_kinase","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":2,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"d1c59139-db61-5fa0-a25d-40c3e625152e","slug":"nmn","display_name":"NMN","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"role":"subject","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":3,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"0a49e73e-3e5e-5386-9529-67b1952a830f","slug":"muscle-akt-mtor-insulin-signaling","display_name":"Muscle insulin-stimulated AKT and mTOR signaling","entity_type_key":"cellular_process"},"role":"target","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":4,"notes":""}]},"contexts":[{"dimension":"cross_nutrient","value_text":"Insulin (stimulus)","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"evidence_span","value_text":"{\"source_cache\": \"artifacts/niacin-clinical-sources/yoshino2021.txt\", \"locator\": \"Primary full report; exact character range, zero-based and end-exclusive\", \"file_sha256\": \"e4999dc5b9d3392d8180280727c424044b35249bb24c999c3bc863cd23e6c856\", \"start_char\": 7141, \"end_char\": 7815, \"text_sha256\": \"31871685ed5bb9ceb845b035d50807218311c0fad543f690e5ab924ba9872d0d\"}","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"experimental_model","value_text":"Randomized double-blind trial; 25 overweight or obese postmenopausal women with prediabetes completed","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"exposure","value_text":"NMN 250 mg/day for 10 weeks; 13 NMN and 12 placebo participants","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"limitations","value_text":"Small selected female cohort. Tissue NAD concentration, NAD turnover and clinical outcomes differ. No lifespan or diabetes-prevention endpoint. Positive muscle findings do not establish whole-body or cross-population benefit.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"nutrient_topic","value_text":"Niacin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":{"slug":"niacin","display_name":"Niacin (vitamin B3)","entity_type_key":"nutrient_element"}},{"dimension":"organism","value_text":"Homo sapiens","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"plain_language","value_text":"The muscle response was accompanied by changes in insulin-signaling proteins.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"primary_references","value_text":"[nia-clin-yoshino2021] Nicotinamide mononucleotide increases muscle insulin sensitivity in prediabetic women. (2021). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33888596/ DOI: 10.1126/science.abe9985","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"tissue_or_cell_type","value_text":"Skeletal muscle, PBMCs, liver and adipose insulin sensitivity","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null}],"evidence":[{"id":"f2705f9f-66d6-5409-8311-6c8c940795cb","evidence_kind":"source_excerpt","locator":"Lines 1501-1513","start_line":1501,"end_line":1513,"excerpt":"### nia-clin-nmn-muscle-signal\nMuscle insulin-stimulated AKT and mTOR phosphorylation and total abundance increased after NMN but not placebo.\nCondition category: normal\nnutrient_topic: Niacin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect.\nplain_language: The muscle response was accompanied by changes in insulin-signaling proteins.\norganism: Homo sapiens\ntissue_or_cell_type: Skeletal muscle, PBMCs, liver and adipose insulin sensitivity\nexperimental_model: Randomized double-blind trial; 25 overweight or obese postmenopausal women with prediabetes completed\nlimitations: Small selected female cohort. Tissue NAD concentration, NAD turnover and clinical outcomes differ. No lifespan or diabetes-prevention endpoint. Positive muscle findings do not establish whole-body or cross-population benefit.\nexposure: NMN 250 mg/day for 10 weeks; 13 NMN and 12 placebo participants\ncross_nutrient: Insulin (stimulus)\nevidence_span: {\"source_cache\": \"artifacts/niacin-clinical-sources/yoshino2021.txt\", \"locator\": \"Primary full report; exact character range, zero-based and end-exclusive\", \"file_sha256\": \"e4999dc5b9d3392d8180280727c424044b35249bb24c999c3bc863cd23e6c856\", \"start_char\": 7141, \"end_char\": 7815, \"text_sha256\": \"31871685ed5bb9ceb845b035d50807218311c0fad543f690e5ab924ba9872d0d\"}\n[nia-clin-yoshino2021] Nicotinamide mononucleotide increases muscle insulin sensitivity in prediabetic women. (2021). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33888596/ DOI: 10.1126/science.abe9985","model_system":"Randomized double-blind trial; 25 overweight or obese postmenopausal women with prediabetes completed","directness":"author_interpretation","verification_status":"source_derived_draft","notes":"Exact curation-document quotation, not publisher quotation. Study references: [nia-clin-yoshino2021] Nicotinamide mononucleotide increases muscle insulin sensitivity in prediabetic women. (2021). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33888596/ DOI: 10.1126/science.abe9985","relationship":"supports","weight":1.0,"link_notes":"","source":{"id":"a62b7b5b-786a-57e9-85e9-67c6912a5054","stable_key":"import-a9dd23c6-978a-5755-8bd8-f29bd1fe0cda","title":"Niacin: NAD metabolism, deficiency and nutrient interactions (2026-09-17)","document_type":"imported_text","citation_label":"AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. 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