{"id":"73c79bc6-bd0d-52bd-8688-4e46c13a2dc0","stable_key":"dff9f743-3766-5f20-a71e-d6d2bd5bfb6f:va-atbc-carotene-lung-cancer","predicate":"supplementation_increases","statement":"Beta-carotene increased lung-cancer incidence in the male-smoker trial; alpha-tocopherol did not show a significant interaction with this effect.","claim_class":"observational","status":"source_derived_draft","evidence_grade":"ungraded","direction":"context_dependent","is_public":true,"mechanism_event_id":"9f71672b-6ac4-5778-8552-a5c5f13d4f79","mechanism_event_label":"The proposed antioxidant benefit did not predict the actual outcome.","subject":{"id":"73c24cd4-9ae8-5897-8359-fa4d9e8edecb","slug":"beta-carotene","display_name":"All-trans-beta-carotene","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"object":{"id":"3bb44f1d-7e92-50e1-be0a-39fad28bfff7","slug":"lung-cancer-incidence","display_name":"Lung cancer incidence","entity_type_key":"cellular_process"},"evidence_count":1,"mechanism_event":{"id":"9f71672b-6ac4-5778-8552-a5c5f13d4f79","stable_key":"dff9f743-3766-5f20-a71e-d6d2bd5bfb6f:va-atbc-carotene-lung-cancer-event","event_type":"observed_intervention","label":"The proposed antioxidant benefit did not predict the actual outcome.","description":"Beta-carotene increased lung-cancer incidence in the male-smoker trial; alpha-tocopherol did not show a significant interaction with this effect.","status":"provisional","compartment":null,"participants":[{"entity":{"id":"40a6525a-76b8-576e-b73d-1e11aecf5f8d","slug":"alpha-tocopherol","display_name":"Alpha-tocopherol","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"role":"factorial_cointervention","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":0,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"73c24cd4-9ae8-5897-8359-fa4d9e8edecb","slug":"beta-carotene","display_name":"All-trans-beta-carotene","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"role":"subject","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":1,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"3bb44f1d-7e92-50e1-be0a-39fad28bfff7","slug":"lung-cancer-incidence","display_name":"Lung cancer incidence","entity_type_key":"cellular_process"},"role":"target","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":2,"notes":""}]},"contexts":[{"dimension":"cross_nutrient","value_text":"Carotene/vitamin E/tobacco context.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"experimental_model","value_text":"29,133 male smokers; 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alpha-tocopherol did not show a significant interaction with this effect.\nCondition category: normal\nnutrient_topic: Vitamin A research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect.\nplain_language: The proposed antioxidant benefit did not predict the actual outcome.\norganism: Homo sapiens\ntissue_or_cell_type: Clinical lung-cancer incidence\nexperimental_model: 29,133 male smokers; factorial randomized trial.\nlimitations: Supplement exposure is not equivalent to eating carotenoid-rich foods; the molecular cause was not isolated.\ncross_nutrient: Carotene/vitamin E/tobacco context.\nexposure: 20 mg/day beta-carotene, 5-8 years; study exposure only.\n[va-atbc1994] The effect of vitamin E and beta carotene on the incidence of lung cancer and other cancers in male smokers (1994). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8127329/ DOI: 10.1056/nejm199404143301501","model_system":"29,133 male smokers; factorial randomized trial.","directness":"author_interpretation","verification_status":"source_derived_draft","notes":"Exact curation-document quotation, not publisher quotation. Study references: [va-atbc1994] The effect of vitamin E and beta carotene on the incidence of lung cancer and other cancers in male smokers (1994). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8127329/ DOI: 10.1056/nejm199404143301501","relationship":"supports","weight":1.0,"link_notes":"","source":{"id":"0c5474e2-be48-547b-b287-9c07a59c9ff1","stable_key":"import-dff9f743-3766-5f20-a71e-d6d2bd5bfb6f","title":"Vitamin A: forms, mechanisms, deficiency and excess (2026-09-17)","document_type":"imported_text","citation_label":"AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text.","file_path":"","sha256":"b217224b262abbd77d6a0c8c9beefff9c022fae4d31e2a5273915d769b9a6546","revision_id":"61008909-871f-575c-b5e2-21542689ea3c","review_status":"unverified_draft","notes":""}}],"relations":[],"conflicts":[],"corrections":[],"research":null}