{"id":"738f4854-8aa1-5334-a05a-4c0b8a0338fc","stable_key":"c94a9824-35fb-523c-b421-dc7341218dcb:indicaxanthin-rdna-methylation","predicate":"increases","statement":"The 2025 Caco-2 methylome analysis associated indicaxanthin exposure with increased methylation at rDNA loci.","claim_class":"observational","status":"source_derived_draft","evidence_grade":"ungraded","direction":"positive","is_public":true,"mechanism_event_id":"d11b9010-cf5a-5b29-a11b-1b2f3a7f2928","mechanism_event_label":"The 2025 Caco-2 methylome analysis associated indicaxanthin exposure with increased methylation at rDNA loci.","subject":{"id":"f2a6e469-05f0-5596-9054-da926389f584","slug":"indicaxanthin","display_name":"Indicaxanthin","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"object":{"id":"45b36f7d-eca8-536f-b7db-363f6861f098","slug":"human-caco2-rdna-methylation","display_name":"rDNA-locus methylation in human Caco-2 cells","entity_type_key":"cellular_process"},"evidence_count":1,"mechanism_event":{"id":"d11b9010-cf5a-5b29-a11b-1b2f3a7f2928","stable_key":"c94a9824-35fb-523c-b421-dc7341218dcb:indicaxanthin-rdna-methylation-event","event_type":"observed_relationship","label":"The 2025 Caco-2 methylome analysis associated indicaxanthin exposure with increased methylation at rDNA loci.","description":"The 2025 Caco-2 methylome analysis associated indicaxanthin exposure with increased methylation at rDNA loci.","status":"provisional","compartment":null,"participants":[{"entity":{"id":"f2a6e469-05f0-5596-9054-da926389f584","slug":"indicaxanthin","display_name":"Indicaxanthin","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"role":"subject","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":0,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"45b36f7d-eca8-536f-b7db-363f6861f098","slug":"human-caco2-rdna-methylation","display_name":"rDNA-locus methylation in human Caco-2 cells","entity_type_key":"cellular_process"},"role":"target","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":1,"notes":""}]},"contexts":[{"dimension":"dose","value_text":"Indicaxanthin 10 and 50 micromolar analysis; study also includes 100 micromolar","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"duration","value_text":"48 h","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"evidence_access","value_text":"Primary open full text, relevant results/methods and PubMed metadata.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"evidence_scope","value_text":"literature_reviewed; model-specific source-derived curation","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"experimental_model","value_text":"Human Caco-2 colorectal cancer cells; RRBS analysis","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"limitations","value_text":"Same research program and related RRBS methods as the 2023 study; independent dataset replication is not established. rDNA methylation is not direct proof of reduced ribosome production or cell transdifferentiation.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"nutrient_topic","value_text":"Dedicated indicaxanthin chapter; original betalain family identity and shared claims preserved.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":{"slug":"indicaxanthin","display_name":"Indicaxanthin","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"}},{"dimension":"organism","value_text":"Human Caco-2 colorectal cancer cells; RRBS analysis","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"plain_language","value_text":"The 2025 Caco-2 methylome analysis associated indicaxanthin exposure with increased methylation at rDNA loci.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"primary_references","value_text":"Epigenetic Remodeling of Regulatory Regions by Indicaxanthin Suggests a Shift in Cell Identity Programs in Colorectal Cancer Cells. (2025). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40649850/ DOI: 10.3390/ijms26136072","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"route","value_text":"In vitro treatment and methylome analysis","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"tissue","value_text":"rDNA loci and regulatory DNA","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null}],"evidence":[{"id":"1d9f371a-624a-5141-8e47-b10a5d50dbc5","evidence_kind":"source_excerpt","locator":"Lines 459-468","start_line":459,"end_line":468,"excerpt":"## indicaxanthin-rdna-methylation\nThe 2025 Caco-2 methylome analysis associated indicaxanthin exposure with increased methylation at rDNA loci.\nModel/species: Human Caco-2 colorectal cancer cells; RRBS analysis\nTissue: rDNA loci and regulatory DNA\nExposure: Indicaxanthin 10 and 50 micromolar analysis; study also includes 100 micromolar\nRoute: In vitro treatment and methylome analysis\nDuration: 48 h\nLimits: Same research program and related RRBS methods as the 2023 study; independent dataset replication is not established. rDNA methylation is not direct proof of reduced ribosome production or cell transdifferentiation.\nPrimary reference: Epigenetic Remodeling of Regulatory Regions by Indicaxanthin Suggests a Shift in Cell Identity Programs in Colorectal Cancer Cells. (2025). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40649850/ DOI: 10.3390/ijms26136072\nAccess: Primary open full text, relevant results/methods and PubMed metadata.","model_system":"Human Caco-2 colorectal cancer cells; RRBS analysis","directness":"reported_statement","verification_status":"source_derived_draft","notes":"Exact archived curation span; original paraphrase with primary citation.","relationship":"supports","weight":1.0,"link_notes":"","source":{"id":"18b7303c-98b7-54cb-ae8e-a8c6257657b1","stable_key":"import-c94a9824-35fb-523c-b421-dc7341218dcb","title":"Indicaxanthin: mechanisms, molecular forms and cross-actor connections (2026-09-20)","document_type":"imported_text","citation_label":"Original AI-assisted curation of thirteen additional primary studies, with twenty-six existing claims from eight studies linked unchanged. Study-specific citations and limitations retained. 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