{"id":"6b2c5247-dac3-593d-b90c-4519fdd144d9","stable_key":"8b3cf083-ea9c-54f5-b42b-bf1fef5b2978:metformin-lactobacillus-shift","predicate":"increases","statement":"Metformin shifted the upper small-intestinal microbiota partly by increasing the abundance of Lactobacillus, and transplanting that microbiota into untreated rats reproduced the increase in glucose sensing through SGLT1.","claim_class":"mechanistic","status":"source_derived_draft","evidence_grade":"ungraded","direction":"positive","is_public":true,"mechanism_event_id":"5de9fded-ebab-5031-8b99-7334ca22a401","mechanism_event_label":"Transferring the bacteria transferred the sensing effect.","subject":{"id":"519971b1-5aef-5ad7-8022-840144855cd0","slug":"metformin","display_name":"Metformin","entity_type_key":"drug"},"object":{"id":"56795478-53c6-55f2-a36f-0f3a5f898987","slug":"lactobacillus-species","display_name":"Lactobacillus species in the upper small intestine","entity_type_key":"organism"},"evidence_count":1,"mechanism_event":{"id":"5de9fded-ebab-5031-8b99-7334ca22a401","stable_key":"8b3cf083-ea9c-54f5-b42b-bf1fef5b2978:metformin-lactobacillus-shift-event","event_type":"biochemical_relationship","label":"Transferring the bacteria transferred the sensing effect.","description":"Metformin shifted the upper small-intestinal microbiota partly by increasing the abundance of Lactobacillus, and transplanting that microbiota into untreated rats reproduced the increase in glucose sensing through SGLT1.","status":"provisional","compartment":null,"participants":[{"entity":{"id":"507d30ea-23a5-52f1-80bf-95ee62f305eb","slug":"upper-intestinal-glucose-sensing","display_name":"Upper small-intestinal glucose sensing","entity_type_key":"cellular_process"},"role":"downstream_process","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":0,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"519971b1-5aef-5ad7-8022-840144855cd0","slug":"metformin","display_name":"Metformin","entity_type_key":"drug"},"role":"subject","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":1,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"56795478-53c6-55f2-a36f-0f3a5f898987","slug":"lactobacillus-species","display_name":"Lactobacillus species in the upper small intestine","entity_type_key":"organism"},"role":"target","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":2,"notes":""}]},"contexts":[{"dimension":"evidence_span","value_text":"{\"source_cache\": \"artifacts/metformin-research/29056513.abstract.txt\", \"locator\": \"Indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets\", \"file_sha256\": \"a04767b5cd42e2e3e3eced3fc1f6bc2c20d8c71adb044483fe8443ef1c59fc97\", \"start_char\": 0, \"end_char\": 1110, \"text_sha256\": \"a04767b5cd42e2e3e3eced3fc1f6bc2c20d8c71adb044483fe8443ef1c59fc97\"}","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"experimental_model","value_text":"Rat upper small-intestinal infusion, microbiota transplantation and SGLT1 measurements","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"exposure","value_text":"Upper small-intestinal metformin in high-fat-diet rats","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"limitations","value_text":"A regional intestinal mechanism in rats. Transplantation between rats supports the microbial step; human relevance is not established here.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"nutrient_topic","value_text":"Metformin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct clinical effect, and pharmacological exposure is not dietary intake.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":{"slug":"metformin","display_name":"Metformin","entity_type_key":"drug"}},{"dimension":"organism","value_text":"Rat","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"plain_language","value_text":"Transferring the bacteria transferred the sensing effect.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"primary_references","value_text":"[metformin-p29056513] Metformin Alters Upper Small Intestinal Microbiota that Impact a Glucose-SGLT1-Sensing Glucoregulatory Pathway. 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Transplantation between rats supports the microbial step; human relevance is not established here.\nexposure: Upper small-intestinal metformin in high-fat-diet rats\nevidence_span: {\"source_cache\": \"artifacts/metformin-research/29056513.abstract.txt\", \"locator\": \"Indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets\", \"file_sha256\": \"a04767b5cd42e2e3e3eced3fc1f6bc2c20d8c71adb044483fe8443ef1c59fc97\", \"start_char\": 0, \"end_char\": 1110, \"text_sha256\": \"a04767b5cd42e2e3e3eced3fc1f6bc2c20d8c71adb044483fe8443ef1c59fc97\"}\n[metformin-p29056513] Metformin Alters Upper Small Intestinal Microbiota that Impact a Glucose-SGLT1-Sensing Glucoregulatory Pathway. 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