{"id":"655692e7-5ec6-58df-a5b6-29d37fd1935e","stable_key":"dff9f743-3766-5f20-a71e-d6d2bd5bfb6f:va-atra-direct-radical-trapping2023","predicate":"shows_in_assay","statement":"The 2023 study reported direct radical-trapping activity for retinol, retinal and ATRA alongside ferroptosis protection.","claim_class":"mechanistic","status":"source_derived_draft","evidence_grade":"ungraded","direction":"context_dependent","is_public":true,"mechanism_event_id":"b7b0e264-6d65-58b0-b6f6-61281ccca730","mechanism_event_label":"Different vitamin A forms were protective in the tested systems.","subject":{"id":"05487b29-8c59-5af8-83cf-cf9c79c5ecb8","slug":"all-trans-retinoic-acid","display_name":"All-trans-retinoic acid","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"object":{"id":"4828ef1f-4a67-5b06-a8de-7673a28d3e3a","slug":"lipid-radical-trapping","display_name":"Lipid radical trapping","entity_type_key":"cellular_process"},"evidence_count":1,"mechanism_event":{"id":"b7b0e264-6d65-58b0-b6f6-61281ccca730","stable_key":"dff9f743-3766-5f20-a71e-d6d2bd5bfb6f:va-atra-direct-radical-trapping2023-event","event_type":"biochemical_relationship","label":"Different vitamin A forms were protective in the tested systems.","description":"The 2023 study reported direct radical-trapping activity for retinol, retinal and ATRA alongside ferroptosis protection.","status":"provisional","compartment":null,"participants":[{"entity":{"id":"148c57d8-c658-5769-89e8-1194cef2a782","slug":"retinol","display_name":"All-trans-retinol","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"role":"tested_form","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":0,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"194eccf2-c7a5-52a6-a0c6-1c1f6d0f3a3e","slug":"all-trans-retinal","display_name":"All-trans-retinal","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"role":"tested_form","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":1,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"85ca0bb8-8a67-59fe-8334-e0f6617380b7","slug":"ferroptosis","display_name":"Ferroptosis","entity_type_key":"cellular_process"},"role":"cellular_endpoint","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":2,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"05487b29-8c59-5af8-83cf-cf9c79c5ecb8","slug":"all-trans-retinoic-acid","display_name":"All-trans-retinoic acid","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"role":"subject","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":3,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"4828ef1f-4a67-5b06-a8de-7673a28d3e3a","slug":"lipid-radical-trapping","display_name":"Lipid radical trapping","entity_type_key":"cellular_process"},"role":"target","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":4,"notes":""}]},"contexts":[{"dimension":"experimental_model","value_text":"Cell-free assay and cell lines.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"limitations","value_text":"ATRA direct activity was not reproduced in the 2024 assays; no clinical or nutrient-replacement inference.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"nutrient_topic","value_text":"Vitamin A research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":{"slug":"vitamin-a","display_name":"Vitamin A","entity_type_key":"chemical_species"}},{"dimension":"organism","value_text":"Homo sapiens","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"plain_language","value_text":"Different vitamin A forms were protective in the tested systems.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"primary_references","value_text":"[va-jakaria2023] Vitamin A metabolites inhibit ferroptosis (2023). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37236031/ DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114930","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"tissue_or_cell_type","value_text":"Cell-free chemistry and cell cultures","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null}],"evidence":[{"id":"ea8820b3-ccf6-5712-a7ea-119346f4ea26","evidence_kind":"source_excerpt","locator":"Lines 1789-1798","start_line":1789,"end_line":1798,"excerpt":"### va-atra-direct-radical-trapping2023\nThe 2023 study reported direct radical-trapping activity for retinol, retinal and ATRA alongside ferroptosis protection.\nCondition category: normal\nnutrient_topic: Vitamin A research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect.\nplain_language: Different vitamin A forms were protective in the tested systems.\norganism: Homo sapiens\ntissue_or_cell_type: Cell-free chemistry and cell cultures\nexperimental_model: Cell-free assay and cell lines.\nlimitations: ATRA direct activity was not reproduced in the 2024 assays; no clinical or nutrient-replacement inference.\n[va-jakaria2023] Vitamin A metabolites inhibit ferroptosis (2023). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37236031/ DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114930","model_system":"Cell-free assay and cell lines.","directness":"author_interpretation","verification_status":"source_derived_draft","notes":"Exact curation-document quotation, not publisher quotation. Study references: [va-jakaria2023] Vitamin A metabolites inhibit ferroptosis (2023). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37236031/ DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114930","relationship":"supports","weight":1.0,"link_notes":"","source":{"id":"0c5474e2-be48-547b-b287-9c07a59c9ff1","stable_key":"import-dff9f743-3766-5f20-a71e-d6d2bd5bfb6f","title":"Vitamin A: forms, mechanisms, deficiency and excess (2026-09-17)","document_type":"imported_text","citation_label":"AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text.","file_path":"","sha256":"b217224b262abbd77d6a0c8c9beefff9c022fae4d31e2a5273915d769b9a6546","revision_id":"61008909-871f-575c-b5e2-21542689ea3c","review_status":"unverified_draft","notes":""}}],"relations":[],"conflicts":[{"id":"8ff3f233-4d63-5023-96cd-c8aabf50f917","title":"Does all-trans-retinoic acid directly trap radicals in ferroptosis assays?","kind":"contradiction","status":"open","why":"A 2023 primary study attributes direct radical-trapping to ATRA; the 2024 study found no ATRA activity in two cell-free assays and instead supported receptor-dependent protection. Both distinguish retinoid chemical forms.","resolution":"Unresolved assay dependence. Compare radical initiators, solvents, substrate membranes, compound concentration/stability and exposure time. Receptor-mediated protection and direct chemical scavenging can coexist under different conditions; the ledger does not choose a universal mechanism.","created_at":"2026-09-17 09:38:26","record_type":"conflict","display_label":"Recorded conflict","record_url":"/conflicts/8ff3f233-4d63-5023-96cd-c8aabf50f917","sides":[{"conflict_id":"8ff3f233-4d63-5023-96cd-c8aabf50f917","ordinal":0,"label":"Direct ATRA radical-trapping reported","revision_id":"61008909-871f-575c-b5e2-21542689ea3c","start_line":1789,"end_line":1798,"quote":"### va-atra-direct-radical-trapping2023\nThe 2023 study reported direct radical-trapping activity for retinol, retinal and ATRA alongside ferroptosis protection.\nCondition category: normal\nnutrient_topic: Vitamin A research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect.\nplain_language: Different vitamin A forms were protective in the tested systems.\norganism: Homo sapiens\ntissue_or_cell_type: Cell-free chemistry and cell cultures\nexperimental_model: Cell-free assay and cell lines.\nlimitations: ATRA direct activity was not reproduced in the 2024 assays; no clinical or nutrient-replacement inference.\n[va-jakaria2023] Vitamin A metabolites inhibit ferroptosis (2023). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37236031/ DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114930","source_key":"import-dff9f743-3766-5f20-a71e-d6d2bd5bfb6f","source_title":"Vitamin A: forms, mechanisms, deficiency and excess (2026-09-17)","claim_ids":["655692e7-5ec6-58df-a5b6-29d37fd1935e"]},{"conflict_id":"8ff3f233-4d63-5023-96cd-c8aabf50f917","ordinal":1,"label":"No direct ATRA activity in the later assays","revision_id":"61008909-871f-575c-b5e2-21542689ea3c","start_line":1800,"end_line":1809,"quote":"### va-atra-no-direct-radical-trapping2024\nATRA showed no direct activity in AAPH/C11-BODIPY and DPPH assays; retinol and retinal were active in the AAPH assay.\nCondition category: normal\nnutrient_topic: Vitamin A research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect.\nplain_language: Chemical form and assay conditions matter.\norganism: Homo sapiens\ntissue_or_cell_type: Cell-free chemistry\nexperimental_model: Cell-free assays.\nlimitations: Does not establish universal absence of antioxidant chemistry.\n[va-berndt2024] Suppression of ferroptosis by vitamin A or radical-trapping antioxidants is essential for neuronal development (2024). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39218970/ DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-51996-1","source_key":"import-dff9f743-3766-5f20-a71e-d6d2bd5bfb6f","source_title":"Vitamin A: forms, mechanisms, deficiency and excess (2026-09-17)","claim_ids":["7514b0ef-9065-5cd1-a934-d9e287af4e0d"]}]}],"corrections":[],"research":null}