{"id":"61dc4ccc-c8c0-5750-a055-ad76fb13ad4b","stable_key":"c836a883-ac18-5eb2-9971-2f0b542feba8:resistance-exists","predicate":"reported_relationship","statement":"Naturally adapted Pseudomonas isolates demonstrated resistance to allicin associated with multicomponent redox defenses.","claim_class":"observational","status":"source_derived_draft","evidence_grade":"ungraded","direction":"neutral","is_public":true,"mechanism_event_id":"edd150d6-bd6a-571c-9a6f-6cb0e9cfd0be","mechanism_event_label":"Naturally adapted Pseudomonas isolates demonstrated resistance to allicin associated with multicomponent redox defenses.","subject":{"id":"85c86fcf-3060-5fae-b567-4f089990ab2d","slug":"allicin","display_name":"Allicin","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"object":{"id":"849d8f65-a4b9-5f64-8f3e-74dfce1fb34b","slug":"pseudomonas-allicin-resistance","display_name":"Observed allicin resistance in naturally adapted Pseudomonas isolates","entity_type_key":"cellular_process"},"evidence_count":1,"mechanism_event":{"id":"edd150d6-bd6a-571c-9a6f-6cb0e9cfd0be","stable_key":"c836a883-ac18-5eb2-9971-2f0b542feba8:resistance-exists-event","event_type":"experimental_observation","label":"Naturally adapted Pseudomonas isolates demonstrated resistance to allicin associated with multicomponent redox defenses.","description":"**Resistance exists.** Naturally allicin-resistant Pseudomonas isolates and multicomponent redox defenses were characterized. Broad thiol targeting does not require an organism to replace every susceptible cysteine before resistance can occur. Resistance and variation between strains limit generalization from susceptibility assays. Laboratory findings also do not establish allicin as a clinical treatment for H. pylori, parasites, or an altered microbiome. [Borlinghaus 2020](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7119367/)","status":"provisional","compartment":null,"participants":[{"entity":{"id":"85c86fcf-3060-5fae-b567-4f089990ab2d","slug":"allicin","display_name":"Allicin","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"role":"tested factor","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"as reported","sequence_order":0,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"849d8f65-a4b9-5f64-8f3e-74dfce1fb34b","slug":"pseudomonas-allicin-resistance","display_name":"Observed allicin resistance in naturally adapted Pseudomonas isolates","entity_type_key":"cellular_process"},"role":"measured outcome","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"not_reported","sequence_order":1,"notes":""}]},"contexts":[{"dimension":"evidence_access","value_text":"Primary full text available; selected claim-relevant methods, results, tables/figures and limitations reviewed. Supplemental proteome and all secondary findings are not exhaustively extracted.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"experimental_model","value_text":"Naturally isolated bacteria and laboratory characterization; no clinical resistance prevalence estimate.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"interpretation_status","value_text":"Source-derived extraction of a fact-checked reference; access is explicit, not independent raw-data verification.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"limitations","value_text":"Broad targeting does not make resistance impossible. This is an observed resistance limitation, not an increase in resistance caused by oral garlic.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"plain_language","value_text":"Naturally adapted Pseudomonas isolates demonstrated resistance to allicin associated with multicomponent redox defenses.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"primary_references","value_text":"Genetic and molecular characterization of multicomponent resistance of <i>Pseudomonas</i> against allicin. | 2020 | DOI 10.26508/lsa.202000670 | PMID 32234751 | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32234751/ | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7119367/ | https://doi.org/10.26508/lsa.202000670","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"source_locator","value_text":"Reviewed reference lines 67-67; exact primary location described in quoted passage where extracted.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null}],"evidence":[{"id":"055d1923-5195-5459-b5d1-f99e81c50be1","evidence_kind":"source_excerpt","locator":"Lines 67-67","start_line":67,"end_line":67,"excerpt":"**Resistance exists.** Naturally allicin-resistant Pseudomonas isolates and multicomponent redox defenses were characterized. Broad thiol targeting does not require an organism to replace every susceptible cysteine before resistance can occur. Resistance and variation between strains limit generalization from susceptibility assays. Laboratory findings also do not establish allicin as a clinical treatment for H. pylori, parasites, or an altered microbiome. [Borlinghaus 2020](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7119367/)","model_system":"Naturally isolated bacteria and laboratory characterization; no clinical resistance prevalence estimate.","directness":"reported_statement","verification_status":"source_derived_draft","notes":"Exact excerpt of the retained AI-assisted reviewed reference; primary sources are cited in primary_references and access scope is retained. Not a verbatim quotation from a primary paper.","relationship":"supports","weight":1.0,"link_notes":"","source":{"id":"10820a6b-594a-547d-97f9-906ab4cc1d6e","stable_key":"import-c836a883-ac18-5eb2-9971-2f0b542feba8","title":"Allicin: detailed mechanisms of action (reviewed 5 October 2026)","document_type":"imported_text","citation_label":"Original AI-assisted review of primary studies and, where relevant, official regulatory records. Access level is retained per claim. Corrections, null results and unresolved questions remain explicit. Not publisher full text or independent replication.","file_path":"","sha256":"2475d3eb681100a0a34577a47b7cba5b251df866fbd6ce795122ccabee360018","revision_id":"590df96d-2ed1-5763-b04c-bf0e096e603c","review_status":"unverified_draft","notes":""}}],"relations":[],"conflicts":[],"corrections":[],"research":null}