{"id":"5eb53564-3f2f-5168-93e8-0b2c3cf6a551","stable_key":"6cdb37aa-8998-5ea8-829d-4f995caf98fc:l-carnitine-high-work-pdc","predicate":"with_carbohydrate_increases","statement":"At 80% exercise intensity after loading, muscle PDC activation was 38% higher and lactate was lower than in controls.","claim_class":"observational","status":"source_derived_draft","evidence_grade":"ungraded","direction":"context_dependent","is_public":true,"mechanism_event_id":"2d07b57e-822a-5ef6-af56-7d0960d239ba","mechanism_event_label":"At higher demand, the same intervention supported glucose oxidation.","subject":{"id":"6e34c035-9371-578f-b799-fd2a14e9e40f","slug":"l-carnitine","display_name":"L-Carnitine","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"object":{"id":"dd02981d-5b4a-5e93-a688-994c5039b366","slug":"human-muscle-pdc-activation","display_name":"Human exercise muscle pyruvate dehydrogenase complex activation","entity_type_key":"cellular_process"},"evidence_count":1,"mechanism_event":{"id":"2d07b57e-822a-5ef6-af56-7d0960d239ba","stable_key":"6cdb37aa-8998-5ea8-829d-4f995caf98fc:l-carnitine-high-work-pdc-event","event_type":"observed_relationship","label":"At higher demand, the same intervention supported glucose oxidation.","description":"At 80% exercise intensity after loading, muscle PDC activation was 38% higher and lactate was lower than in controls.","status":"provisional","compartment":null,"participants":[{"entity":{"id":"6e34c035-9371-578f-b799-fd2a14e9e40f","slug":"l-carnitine","display_name":"L-Carnitine","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"role":"subject","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":0,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"dd02981d-5b4a-5e93-a688-994c5039b366","slug":"human-muscle-pdc-activation","display_name":"Human exercise muscle pyruvate dehydrogenase complex activation","entity_type_key":"cellular_process"},"role":"target","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":1,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"06892089-1ad6-5645-80b2-6e949d6489ee","slug":"human-muscle-total-carnitine","display_name":"Human skeletal-muscle total carnitine content","entity_type_key":"cellular_process"},"role":"context_participant","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":2,"notes":""}]},"contexts":[{"dimension":"evidence_access","value_text":"Primary abstract","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"experimental_model","value_text":"Same human trial, higher-intensity exercise phase.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"limitations","value_text":"Different workload explains the different direction; this is not a contradiction.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"nutrient_topic","value_text":"L-Carnitine collection; isomer, preparation, species, exposure and manipulation remain explicit.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":{"slug":"l-carnitine","display_name":"L-Carnitine","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"}},{"dimension":"plain_language","value_text":"At higher demand, the same intervention supported glucose oxidation.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"primary_references","value_text":"Chronic oral ingestion of L-carnitine and carbohydrate increases muscle carnitine content and alters muscle fuel metabolism during exercise in humans. · 2011 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21224234/ · DOI 10.1113/jphysiol.2010.201343","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null}],"evidence":[{"id":"dc365de5-4d24-5033-bc99-7795107c3aed","evidence_kind":"source_excerpt","locator":"Lines 202-208","start_line":202,"end_line":208,"excerpt":"## l-carnitine-high-work-pdc\nAt higher demand, the same intervention supported glucose oxidation.\nAt 80% exercise intensity after loading, muscle PDC activation was 38% higher and lactate was lower than in controls.\nModel: Same human trial, higher-intensity exercise phase.\nLimitations: Different workload explains the different direction; this is not a contradiction.\nEvidence access: Primary abstract\nChronic oral ingestion of L-carnitine and carbohydrate increases muscle carnitine content and alters muscle fuel metabolism during exercise in humans. · 2011 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21224234/ · DOI 10.1113/jphysiol.2010.201343","model_system":"Same human trial, higher-intensity exercise phase.","directness":"reported_statement","verification_status":"source_derived_draft","notes":"Original curation paraphrase; evidence access and experimental limitations specified.","relationship":"supports","weight":1.0,"link_notes":"","source":{"id":"e2c9c42b-806a-55e2-abde-b0320ea94704","stable_key":"import-6cdb37aa-8998-5ea8-829d-4f995caf98fc","title":"L-Carnitine: synthesis, acyl-group transport, fuel selection and nutrient interactions (2026-09-19)","document_type":"imported_text","citation_label":"AI-assisted research curation; primary-abstract references and experimental limitations individually identified. 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