{"id":"5c670ec1-5f4c-5bd1-9bb9-4d5d0e3f6fdd","stable_key":"c836a883-ac18-5eb2-9971-2f0b542feba8:enzyme-inhibit-papaya-papain","predicate":"decreases_in_recorded_experiment","statement":"Allicin inhibited the tested purified papain.","claim_class":"mechanistic","status":"source_derived_draft","evidence_grade":"ungraded","direction":"negative","is_public":true,"mechanism_event_id":"2335c48b-34c3-5a0b-92f1-d704a0189521","mechanism_event_label":"Allicin inhibited the tested purified papain.","subject":{"id":"85c86fcf-3060-5fae-b567-4f089990ab2d","slug":"allicin","display_name":"Allicin","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"object":{"id":"b0618a7c-edc5-5cc0-8314-d6a77fbece77","slug":"papaya-papain","display_name":"Carica papaya papain","entity_type_key":"protein"},"evidence_count":1,"mechanism_event":{"id":"2335c48b-34c3-5a0b-92f1-d704a0189521","stable_key":"c836a883-ac18-5eb2-9971-2f0b542feba8:enzyme-inhibit-papaya-papain-event","event_type":"biochemical_relationship","label":"Allicin inhibited the tested purified papain.","description":"**Enzyme inhibition and reversal differ by target.** The early purified-enzyme study observed inhibition of papain, bacterial NADP-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase, and horse-liver NAD-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase. Thiols could reactivate the enzymes, but not interchangeably: glutathione restored papain activity, whereas it did not restore the tested bacterial dehydrogenase under those conditions. Dithiothreitol or mercaptoethanol had different reversal profiles. Covalent inhibition is therefore not equivalent to unrecoverable injury, and a general glutathione rescue cannot be assumed for every enzyme. [Rabinkov 1998](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9528659/)","status":"provisional","compartment":null,"participants":[{"entity":{"id":"85c86fcf-3060-5fae-b567-4f089990ab2d","slug":"allicin","display_name":"Allicin","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"role":"tested factor","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"Allicin incubation","sequence_order":0,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"b0618a7c-edc5-5cc0-8314-d6a77fbece77","slug":"papaya-papain","display_name":"Carica papaya papain","entity_type_key":"protein"},"role":"measured outcome","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"decrease","sequence_order":1,"notes":""}]},"contexts":[{"dimension":"evidence_access","value_text":"Primary indexed abstract reviewed; full methods, exact concentrations or species-specific attribution remain unextracted unless explicitly stated in the abstract or separately verified publisher text.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"experimental_contrast","value_text":"{\"intervention\": \"Allicin incubation\", \"comparator\": \"Enzyme without allicin\", \"endpoint\": \"Allicin inhibited the tested purified papain.\", \"effect_direction\": \"decrease\", \"combination\": \"single\", \"conditions\": []}","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"Explicit extracted experimental comparison; source-derived draft.","entity":null},{"dimension":"experimental_model","value_text":"Purified enzyme chemical-inhibition assay; species encoded in target.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"interpretation_status","value_text":"Source-derived extraction of a fact-checked reference; access is explicit, not independent raw-data verification.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"limitations","value_text":"Exact dose/time unextracted from the accessible abstract; thiol-mediated reversal is target-dependent, not universal irreversibility.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"plain_language","value_text":"Allicin inhibited the tested purified papain.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"primary_references","value_text":"The mode of action of allicin: trapping of radicals and interaction with thiol containing proteins. | 1998 | DOI 10.1016/s0304-4165(97)00104-9 | PMID 9528659 | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9528659/ | https://doi.org/10.1016/s0304-4165(97)00104-9","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"source_locator","value_text":"Reviewed reference lines 41-41; exact primary location described in quoted passage where extracted.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null}],"evidence":[{"id":"b6ddaf3b-4bd2-5192-8478-4d95d36d0a8f","evidence_kind":"source_excerpt","locator":"Lines 41-41","start_line":41,"end_line":41,"excerpt":"**Enzyme inhibition and reversal differ by target.** The early purified-enzyme study observed inhibition of papain, bacterial NADP-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase, and horse-liver NAD-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase. Thiols could reactivate the enzymes, but not interchangeably: glutathione restored papain activity, whereas it did not restore the tested bacterial dehydrogenase under those conditions. Dithiothreitol or mercaptoethanol had different reversal profiles. Covalent inhibition is therefore not equivalent to unrecoverable injury, and a general glutathione rescue cannot be assumed for every enzyme. [Rabinkov 1998](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9528659/)","model_system":"Purified enzyme chemical-inhibition assay; species encoded in target.","directness":"reported_statement","verification_status":"source_derived_draft","notes":"Exact excerpt of the retained AI-assisted reviewed reference; primary sources are cited in primary_references and access scope is retained. Not a verbatim quotation from a primary paper.","relationship":"supports","weight":1.0,"link_notes":"","source":{"id":"10820a6b-594a-547d-97f9-906ab4cc1d6e","stable_key":"import-c836a883-ac18-5eb2-9971-2f0b542feba8","title":"Allicin: detailed mechanisms of action (reviewed 5 October 2026)","document_type":"imported_text","citation_label":"Original AI-assisted review of primary studies and, where relevant, official regulatory records. Access level is retained per claim. Corrections, null results and unresolved questions remain explicit. Not publisher full text or independent replication.","file_path":"","sha256":"2475d3eb681100a0a34577a47b7cba5b251df866fbd6ce795122ccabee360018","revision_id":"590df96d-2ed1-5763-b04c-bf0e096e603c","review_status":"unverified_draft","notes":""}}],"relations":[],"conflicts":[],"corrections":[],"research":null}