{"id":"5b0cbe7e-3b44-57c2-a982-852d92483cf3","stable_key":"b26c9d01-98fd-50d3-8f39-44db46961ee5:acetate-acetate-inhibits-glycolysis","predicate":"inhibits","statement":"In liver the concentration of xylulose-5-phosphate was significantly higher in the control group than in the acetic acid groups, and in gastrocnemius muscle the ratio of fructose-1,6-bisphosphate to fructose-6-phosphate was significantly higher in the control group; the authors proposed that acetic acid may activate gluconeogenesis and inactivate glycolysis in liver through suppression of xylulose-5-phosphate accumulation, and inhibit glycolysis in skeletal muscle by suppressing phosphofructokinase-1 activity.","claim_class":"mechanistic","status":"source_derived_draft","evidence_grade":"ungraded","direction":"negative","is_public":true,"mechanism_event_id":"55f9a508-f315-51be-9be5-94341784ff9b","mechanism_event_label":"The acid appears to slow the burning of glucose, which is why more of it ends up stored.","subject":{"id":"236303ab-c590-5e01-bace-9f2cf05fa6fa","slug":"acetic-acid","display_name":"Acetic acid","entity_type_key":"chemical_species"},"object":{"id":"a5bc919c-20f4-57ef-b186-dab7c7addbbd","slug":"glycolysis","display_name":"Glycolysis","entity_type_key":"cellular_process"},"evidence_count":1,"mechanism_event":{"id":"55f9a508-f315-51be-9be5-94341784ff9b","stable_key":"b26c9d01-98fd-50d3-8f39-44db46961ee5:acetate-acetate-inhibits-glycolysis-event","event_type":"biochemical_relationship","label":"The acid appears to slow the burning of glucose, which is why more of it ends up stored.","description":"In liver the concentration of xylulose-5-phosphate was significantly higher in the control group than in the acetic acid groups, and in gastrocnemius muscle the ratio of fructose-1,6-bisphosphate to fructose-6-phosphate was significantly higher in the control group; the authors proposed that acetic acid may activate gluconeogenesis and inactivate glycolysis in liver through suppression of xylulose-5-phosphate accumulation, and inhibit glycolysis in skeletal muscle by suppressing phosphofructokinase-1 activity.","status":"provisional","compartment":null,"participants":[{"entity":{"id":"695e0570-47e4-54cf-867a-8a15c0bfd7cf","slug":"xylulose-5-phosphate","display_name":"D-Xylulose 5-phosphate","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"role":"lowered_metabolite","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":0,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"e301c62f-0c56-5df1-8609-99d80e5b7c87","slug":"glucose-6-phosphate","display_name":"D-glucose 6-phosphate","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"role":"raised_metabolite","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":1,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"236303ab-c590-5e01-bace-9f2cf05fa6fa","slug":"acetic-acid","display_name":"Acetic acid","entity_type_key":"chemical_species"},"role":"subject","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":2,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"a5bc919c-20f4-57ef-b186-dab7c7addbbd","slug":"glycolysis","display_name":"Glycolysis","entity_type_key":"cellular_process"},"role":"target","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":3,"notes":""}]},"contexts":[{"dimension":"evidence_span","value_text":"{\"source_cache\": \"artifacts/acetate-research/11435516.abstract.txt\", \"locator\": \"Indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets\", \"file_sha256\": \"130bbe406429175feedf86bcfa4597f8f7f81ac1d27a5d299efc545e3225175e\", \"start_char\": 0, \"end_char\": 1638, \"text_sha256\": \"130bbe406429175feedf86bcfa4597f8f7f81ac1d27a5d299efc545e3225175e\"}","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"experimental_model","value_text":"Food-deprived rats given graded dietary acetic acid for 2 hours","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"exposure","value_text":"0, 0.1, 0.2 or 0.4 g acetic acid per 100 g diet for 2 hours after 15 hours of food deprivation","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"limitations","value_text":"Only the 0.2 g dose reached significance for glycogen, so the dose-response is not monotonic. The glycolytic mechanism is the authors’ inference from metabolite ratios, not a direct enzyme measurement.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"nutrient_topic","value_text":"Acetic acid research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct clinical effect, and the ingested acid is recorded separately from the circulating acetate anion.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":{"slug":"acetic-acid","display_name":"Acetic acid","entity_type_key":"chemical_species"}},{"dimension":"organism","value_text":"Rat","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"plain_language","value_text":"The acid appears to slow the burning of glucose, which is why more of it ends up stored.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"primary_references","value_text":"[acetate-p11435516] Acetic acid feeding enhances glycogen repletion in liver and skeletal muscle of rats. (2001). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11435516/ DOI: 10.1093/jn/131.7.1973","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"tissue_or_cell_type","value_text":"Liver and skeletal muscle","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null}],"evidence":[{"id":"d71a310a-cb51-516a-af20-82e582f49cf7","evidence_kind":"source_excerpt","locator":"Lines 446-457","start_line":446,"end_line":457,"excerpt":"### acetate-acetate-inhibits-glycolysis\nIn liver the concentration of xylulose-5-phosphate was significantly higher in the control group than in the acetic acid groups, and in gastrocnemius muscle the ratio of fructose-1,6-bisphosphate to fructose-6-phosphate was significantly higher in the control group; the authors proposed that acetic acid may activate gluconeogenesis and inactivate glycolysis in liver through suppression of xylulose-5-phosphate accumulation, and inhibit glycolysis in skeletal muscle by suppressing phosphofructokinase-1 activity.\nCondition category: normal\nnutrient_topic: Acetic acid research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct clinical effect, and the ingested acid is recorded separately from the circulating acetate anion.\nplain_language: The acid appears to slow the burning of glucose, which is why more of it ends up stored.\norganism: Rat\ntissue_or_cell_type: Liver and skeletal muscle\nexperimental_model: Food-deprived rats given graded dietary acetic acid for 2 hours\nlimitations: Only the 0.2 g dose reached significance for glycogen, so the dose-response is not monotonic. The glycolytic mechanism is the authors’ inference from metabolite ratios, not a direct enzyme measurement.\nexposure: 0, 0.1, 0.2 or 0.4 g acetic acid per 100 g diet for 2 hours after 15 hours of food deprivation\nevidence_span: {\"source_cache\": \"artifacts/acetate-research/11435516.abstract.txt\", \"locator\": \"Indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets\", \"file_sha256\": \"130bbe406429175feedf86bcfa4597f8f7f81ac1d27a5d299efc545e3225175e\", \"start_char\": 0, \"end_char\": 1638, \"text_sha256\": \"130bbe406429175feedf86bcfa4597f8f7f81ac1d27a5d299efc545e3225175e\"}\n[acetate-p11435516] Acetic acid feeding enhances glycogen repletion in liver and skeletal muscle of rats. (2001). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11435516/ DOI: 10.1093/jn/131.7.1973","model_system":"Food-deprived rats given graded dietary acetic acid for 2 hours","directness":"author_interpretation","verification_status":"source_derived_draft","notes":"Exact curation-document quotation, not publisher quotation. Study references: [acetate-p11435516] Acetic acid feeding enhances glycogen repletion in liver and skeletal muscle of rats. (2001). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11435516/ DOI: 10.1093/jn/131.7.1973","relationship":"supports","weight":1.0,"link_notes":"","source":{"id":"8356baaf-173c-5549-80cd-bbbb2007ffb5","stable_key":"import-b26c9d01-98fd-50d3-8f39-44db46961ee5","title":"Acetic acid: the ingested acid, the receptors acetate binds, the acetyl-CoA it becomes, and the acetyl groups that reach histones (2026-09-21)","document_type":"imported_text","citation_label":"AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text.","file_path":"","sha256":"1441d249b16db25c0d488407e5cc881222acffc2f16af88cb3197d9d5697bccc","revision_id":"9bfeb605-f589-5e99-84b9-e56968a3bc1f","review_status":"unverified_draft","notes":""}}],"relations":[],"conflicts":[],"corrections":[],"research":null}