{"id":"57fe0006-c877-55a0-809a-fc88992450b5","stable_key":"cb568d28-484a-5c2e-9fcc-2d780358e514:vc-enzyme-hepatocyte-carnitine","predicate":"increases","statement":"Increasing ascorbate supplementation increased carnitine accumulation from gamma-butyrobetaine in primary guinea-pig hepatocytes after four hours.","claim_class":"mechanistic","status":"source_derived_draft","evidence_grade":"ungraded","direction":"positive","is_public":true,"mechanism_event_id":"782cc296-1587-5166-b564-6176febf35f5","mechanism_event_label":"Vitamin C helped isolated liver cells convert a supplied precursor into carnitine.","subject":{"id":"38d0c4d9-53d1-5239-bfe3-c1b5e9b79085","slug":"ascorbate","display_name":"L-Ascorbate","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"object":{"id":"27ff2f6c-99c6-5d91-82f5-c1c81e1e8cca","slug":"guinea-pig-hepatocyte-carnitine-content","display_name":"Guinea-pig hepatocyte carnitine content","entity_type_key":"cellular_process"},"evidence_count":1,"mechanism_event":{"id":"782cc296-1587-5166-b564-6176febf35f5","stable_key":"cb568d28-484a-5c2e-9fcc-2d780358e514:vc-enzyme-hepatocyte-carnitine-event","event_type":"biochemical_relationship","label":"Vitamin C helped isolated liver cells convert a supplied precursor into carnitine.","description":"Increasing ascorbate supplementation increased carnitine accumulation from gamma-butyrobetaine in primary guinea-pig hepatocytes after four hours.","status":"provisional","compartment":null,"participants":[{"entity":{"id":"38d0c4d9-53d1-5239-bfe3-c1b5e9b79085","slug":"ascorbate","display_name":"L-Ascorbate","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"role":"supporting-reductant","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":0,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"e83c0395-55f1-5483-9710-9b9aa9767689","slug":"gamma-butyrobetaine","display_name":"gamma-Butyrobetaine","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"role":"precursor","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":1,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"6e34c035-9371-578f-b799-fd2a14e9e40f","slug":"l-carnitine","display_name":"L-Carnitine","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"role":"product","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":2,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"27ff2f6c-99c6-5d91-82f5-c1c81e1e8cca","slug":"guinea-pig-hepatocyte-carnitine-content","display_name":"Guinea-pig hepatocyte carnitine content","entity_type_key":"cellular_process"},"role":"readout","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":3,"notes":""}]},"contexts":[{"dimension":"cross_nutrient","value_text":"Vitamin C chemistry in collagen, modified-lysine/carnitine metabolism or copper-dependent peptide/catecholamine processing.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"experimental_model","value_text":"Primary cultured male guinea-pig hepatocyte monolayers","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"exposure","value_text":"Ascorbate preloading followed by 4-hour gamma-butyrobetaine incubation; precursor range includes 0.05–1.0 mM and 5 mM.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"limitations","value_text":"Species-specific cell exposure; accumulation reflects production and other handling, not directly a human dietary dose-response.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"nutrient_topic","value_text":"Vitamin C research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":{"slug":"vitamin-c","display_name":"Vitamin C","entity_type_key":"chemical_species"}},{"dimension":"organism","value_text":"Cavia porcellus","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"plain_language","value_text":"Vitamin C helped isolated liver cells convert a supplied precursor into carnitine.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"primary_references","value_text":"[hepatocytes1991] The regulatory effect of ascorbate on the carnitine synthesis in primary cultured guinea pig hepatocytes. (1991). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1765841/ DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.37.371","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"tissue_or_cell_type","value_text":"Hepatocytes","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null}],"evidence":[{"id":"55651a36-af13-5b7a-a1b6-763a9044b531","evidence_kind":"source_excerpt","locator":"Lines 702-713","start_line":702,"end_line":713,"excerpt":"### vc-enzyme-hepatocyte-carnitine\nIncreasing ascorbate supplementation increased carnitine accumulation from gamma-butyrobetaine in primary guinea-pig hepatocytes after four hours.\nCondition category: normal\nnutrient_topic: Vitamin C research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect.\nplain_language: Vitamin C helped isolated liver cells convert a supplied precursor into carnitine.\norganism: Cavia porcellus\ntissue_or_cell_type: Hepatocytes\nexperimental_model: Primary cultured male guinea-pig hepatocyte monolayers\nlimitations: Species-specific cell exposure; accumulation reflects production and other handling, not directly a human dietary dose-response.\ncross_nutrient: Vitamin C chemistry in collagen, modified-lysine/carnitine metabolism or copper-dependent peptide/catecholamine processing.\nexposure: Ascorbate preloading followed by 4-hour gamma-butyrobetaine incubation; precursor range includes 0.05–1.0 mM and 5 mM.\n[hepatocytes1991] The regulatory effect of ascorbate on the carnitine synthesis in primary cultured guinea pig hepatocytes. (1991). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1765841/ DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.37.371","model_system":"Primary cultured male guinea-pig hepatocyte monolayers","directness":"author_interpretation","verification_status":"source_derived_draft","notes":"Exact curation-document quotation, not publisher quotation. Study references: [hepatocytes1991] The regulatory effect of ascorbate on the carnitine synthesis in primary cultured guinea pig hepatocytes. (1991). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1765841/ DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.37.371","relationship":"supports","weight":1.0,"link_notes":"","source":{"id":"fa811221-13bd-5c10-adc1-eaf097c7703c","stable_key":"import-cb568d28-484a-5c2e-9fcc-2d780358e514","title":"Vitamin C: mechanisms, deficiency and nutrient interactions (2026-09-17)","document_type":"imported_text","citation_label":"AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text.","file_path":"","sha256":"b7fd83f956abb81855f2ea23199ba14e465cd91f4a2ac560277ec21ddafd7bfc","revision_id":"6cde9bbb-d712-5746-82a6-85b144253efa","review_status":"unverified_draft","notes":""}}],"relations":[],"conflicts":[],"corrections":[],"research":null}