{"id":"57160419-1d0a-5952-8b44-3fdff70a5842","stable_key":"c836a883-ac18-5eb2-9971-2f0b542feba8:scope-garlic-caplets-piscitelli-2002","predicate":"has_distinct_clinical_preparation_comparison","statement":"The garlic-caplets-piscitelli-2002 study is a preparation-specific translation comparison; its outcomes are not assigned to purified allicin. ","claim_class":"identity","status":"source_derived_draft","evidence_grade":"ungraded","direction":"neutral","is_public":true,"mechanism_event_id":"86fb584e-bf27-52b7-83f5-4afa1027cd77","mechanism_event_label":"The garlic-caplets-piscitelli-2002 study is a preparation-specific translation comparison; its outcomes are not assigned to purified allicin. ","subject":{"id":"85c86fcf-3060-5fae-b567-4f089990ab2d","slug":"allicin","display_name":"Allicin","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"object":{"id":"d9b5ee26-aac1-5207-8147-d68926dde55d","slug":"garlic-caplets-piscitelli-2002","display_name":"Garlic caplets in the saquinavir interaction study","entity_type_key":"botanical"},"evidence_count":1,"mechanism_event":{"id":"86fb584e-bf27-52b7-83f5-4afa1027cd77","stable_key":"c836a883-ac18-5eb2-9971-2f0b542feba8:scope-garlic-caplets-piscitelli-2002-event","event_type":"experimental_scope_comparison","label":"The garlic-caplets-piscitelli-2002 study is a preparation-specific translation comparison; its outcomes are not assigned to purified allicin. ","description":"**Saquinavir exposure.** In ten healthy volunteers, a garlic-supplement regimen reduced saquinavir AUC by about 51%, trough concentration by 49%, and peak concentration by 54%. After washout, values had not fully returned to baseline. This is a measured pharmacokinetic interaction with that preparation; combined CYP3A4 and P-glycoprotein induction was not established as its causal mechanism. The magnitude should not be assigned to all garlic foods, purified allicin, or every CYP3A4 substrate. [Piscitelli 2002](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11740713/)","status":"provisional","compartment":null,"participants":[{"entity":{"id":"85c86fcf-3060-5fae-b567-4f089990ab2d","slug":"allicin","display_name":"Allicin","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"role":"tested factor","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"as reported","sequence_order":0,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"d9b5ee26-aac1-5207-8147-d68926dde55d","slug":"garlic-caplets-piscitelli-2002","display_name":"Garlic caplets in the saquinavir interaction study","entity_type_key":"botanical"},"role":"measured outcome","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"not_reported","sequence_order":1,"notes":""}]},"contexts":[{"dimension":"evidence_access","value_text":"Primary indexed abstract reviewed; full methods, exact concentrations or species-specific attribution remain unextracted unless explicitly stated in the abstract or separately verified publisher text.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"experimental_model","value_text":"Editorial study-scope relationship, not experimental causation or chemical composition.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"interpretation_status","value_text":"Source-derived extraction of a fact-checked reference; access is explicit, not independent raw-data verification.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"limitations","value_text":"Unsigned navigation only. Does not assert allicin content, metabolic conversion, causation or intervention equivalence.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"plain_language","value_text":"The garlic-caplets-piscitelli-2002 study is a preparation-specific translation comparison; its outcomes are not assigned to purified allicin. ","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"primary_references","value_text":"The effect of garlic supplements on the pharmacokinetics of saquinavir. | 2002 | DOI 10.1086/324351 | PMID 11740713 | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11740713/ | https://doi.org/10.1086/324351","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"source_locator","value_text":"Reviewed reference lines 101-101; exact primary location described in quoted passage where extracted.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null}],"evidence":[{"id":"6fd3819a-e9d9-59ac-8658-88cc04e2e099","evidence_kind":"source_excerpt","locator":"Lines 101-101","start_line":101,"end_line":101,"excerpt":"**Saquinavir exposure.** In ten healthy volunteers, a garlic-supplement regimen reduced saquinavir AUC by about 51%, trough concentration by 49%, and peak concentration by 54%. After washout, values had not fully returned to baseline. This is a measured pharmacokinetic interaction with that preparation; combined CYP3A4 and P-glycoprotein induction was not established as its causal mechanism. The magnitude should not be assigned to all garlic foods, purified allicin, or every CYP3A4 substrate. [Piscitelli 2002](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11740713/)","model_system":"Editorial study-scope relationship, not experimental causation or chemical composition.","directness":"reported_statement","verification_status":"source_derived_draft","notes":"Exact excerpt of the retained AI-assisted reviewed reference; primary sources are cited in primary_references and access scope is retained. Not a verbatim quotation from a primary paper.","relationship":"supports","weight":1.0,"link_notes":"","source":{"id":"10820a6b-594a-547d-97f9-906ab4cc1d6e","stable_key":"import-c836a883-ac18-5eb2-9971-2f0b542feba8","title":"Allicin: detailed mechanisms of action (reviewed 5 October 2026)","document_type":"imported_text","citation_label":"Original AI-assisted review of primary studies and, where relevant, official regulatory records. Access level is retained per claim. Corrections, null results and unresolved questions remain explicit. Not publisher full text or independent replication.","file_path":"","sha256":"2475d3eb681100a0a34577a47b7cba5b251df866fbd6ce795122ccabee360018","revision_id":"590df96d-2ed1-5763-b04c-bf0e096e603c","review_status":"unverified_draft","notes":""}}],"relations":[],"conflicts":[],"corrections":[],"research":null}