{"id":"56acacf7-8875-5d7b-984e-350d50604cc2","stable_key":"c94a9824-35fb-523c-b421-dc7341218dcb:indicaxanthin-caco2-growth","predicate":"reduces","statement":"Purified indicaxanthin inhibited proliferating Caco-2-cell growth, with a reported IC50 of 115 +/- 15 micromolar.","claim_class":"mechanistic","status":"source_derived_draft","evidence_grade":"ungraded","direction":"negative","is_public":true,"mechanism_event_id":"86c74d07-922f-549f-b708-930e27a245f7","mechanism_event_label":"Purified indicaxanthin inhibited proliferating Caco-2-cell growth, with a reported IC50 of 115 +/- 15 micromolar.","subject":{"id":"f2a6e469-05f0-5596-9054-da926389f584","slug":"indicaxanthin","display_name":"Indicaxanthin","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"object":{"id":"0bfb9c33-32b9-57f2-8154-1327fefc0c8e","slug":"human-caco2-proliferation","display_name":"Proliferation of human Caco-2 cancer cells","entity_type_key":"cellular_process"},"evidence_count":1,"mechanism_event":{"id":"86c74d07-922f-549f-b708-930e27a245f7","stable_key":"c94a9824-35fb-523c-b421-dc7341218dcb:indicaxanthin-caco2-growth-event","event_type":"observed_relationship","label":"Purified indicaxanthin inhibited proliferating Caco-2-cell growth, with a reported IC50 of 115 +/- 15 micromolar.","description":"Purified indicaxanthin inhibited proliferating Caco-2-cell growth, with a reported IC50 of 115 +/- 15 micromolar.","status":"provisional","compartment":null,"participants":[{"entity":{"id":"f2a6e469-05f0-5596-9054-da926389f584","slug":"indicaxanthin","display_name":"Indicaxanthin","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"role":"subject","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":0,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"0bfb9c33-32b9-57f2-8154-1327fefc0c8e","slug":"human-caco2-proliferation","display_name":"Proliferation of human Caco-2 cancer cells","entity_type_key":"cellular_process"},"role":"target","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":1,"notes":""}]},"contexts":[{"dimension":"dose","value_text":"Purified indicaxanthin; growth IC50 115 +/- 15 micromolar, exact exposure series not in accessed abstract","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"duration","value_text":"Exposure duration not specified in the accessed primary abstract","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"evidence_access","value_text":"Primary PubMed abstract.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"evidence_scope","value_text":"literature_reviewed; model-specific source-derived curation","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"experimental_model","value_text":"Proliferating human Caco-2 colorectal cancer cells","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"limitations","value_text":"Locus-specific demethylation does not imply universal DNA demethylation. A cell-line response is not cancer prevention in people.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"nutrient_topic","value_text":"Dedicated indicaxanthin chapter; original betalain family identity and shared claims preserved.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":{"slug":"indicaxanthin","display_name":"Indicaxanthin","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"}},{"dimension":"organism","value_text":"Proliferating human Caco-2 colorectal cancer cells","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"plain_language","value_text":"Purified indicaxanthin inhibited proliferating Caco-2-cell growth, with a reported IC50 of 115 +/- 15 micromolar.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"primary_references","value_text":"Anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic activity of whole extract and isolated indicaxanthin from Opuntia ficus-indica associated with re-activation of the onco-suppressor p16(INK4a) gene in human colorectal carcinoma (Caco-2) cells. (2014). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24937448/ DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.06.029","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"route","value_text":"In vitro addition","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"tissue","value_text":"Epigenetic and growth assays","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null}],"evidence":[{"id":"3f49ec7f-c3cb-523d-be87-749f89ed6541","evidence_kind":"source_excerpt","locator":"Lines 404-413","start_line":404,"end_line":413,"excerpt":"## indicaxanthin-caco2-growth\nPurified indicaxanthin inhibited proliferating Caco-2-cell growth, with a reported IC50 of 115 +/- 15 micromolar.\nModel/species: Proliferating human Caco-2 colorectal cancer cells\nTissue: Epigenetic and growth assays\nExposure: Purified indicaxanthin; growth IC50 115 +/- 15 micromolar, exact exposure series not in accessed abstract\nRoute: In vitro addition\nDuration: Exposure duration not specified in the accessed primary abstract\nLimits: Locus-specific demethylation does not imply universal DNA demethylation. A cell-line response is not cancer prevention in people.\nPrimary reference: Anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic activity of whole extract and isolated indicaxanthin from Opuntia ficus-indica associated with re-activation of the onco-suppressor p16(INK4a) gene in human colorectal carcinoma (Caco-2) cells. (2014). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24937448/ DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.06.029\nAccess: Primary PubMed abstract.","model_system":"Proliferating human Caco-2 colorectal cancer cells","directness":"reported_statement","verification_status":"source_derived_draft","notes":"Exact archived curation span; original paraphrase with primary citation.","relationship":"supports","weight":1.0,"link_notes":"","source":{"id":"18b7303c-98b7-54cb-ae8e-a8c6257657b1","stable_key":"import-c94a9824-35fb-523c-b421-dc7341218dcb","title":"Indicaxanthin: mechanisms, molecular forms and cross-actor connections (2026-09-20)","document_type":"imported_text","citation_label":"Original AI-assisted curation of thirteen additional primary studies, with twenty-six existing claims from eight studies linked unchanged. Study-specific citations and limitations retained. 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