{"id":"55ba806b-ca7d-50ea-97d7-0242ea9ed9a1","stable_key":"ae1ed35d-8ce7-5936-9067-a641374bbf79:carnosine-histidine-loading","predicate":"increases","statement":"Beta-alanine alone or with histidine increased muscle carnosine; histidine alone did not, and the combined group did not exceed beta-alanine alone.","claim_class":"mechanistic","status":"source_derived_draft","evidence_grade":"ungraded","direction":"context_dependent","is_public":true,"mechanism_event_id":"d4277367-0520-5a2a-994f-1e1c76d31e5d","mechanism_event_label":"More of one precursor helped; adding the other did not further raise carnosine.","subject":{"id":"288f19a6-62f0-51fe-8e6d-366388b6b16d","slug":"beta-alanine","display_name":"Beta-alanine","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"object":{"id":"644cc445-599f-50c6-9356-b714a5b71e9c","slug":"human-muscle-carnosine-content","display_name":"Human skeletal-muscle carnosine content","entity_type_key":"cellular_process"},"evidence_count":1,"mechanism_event":{"id":"d4277367-0520-5a2a-994f-1e1c76d31e5d","stable_key":"ae1ed35d-8ce7-5936-9067-a641374bbf79:carnosine-histidine-loading-event","event_type":"observed_relationship","label":"More of one precursor helped; adding the other did not further raise carnosine.","description":"Beta-alanine alone or with histidine increased muscle carnosine; histidine alone did not, and the combined group did not exceed beta-alanine alone.","status":"provisional","compartment":null,"participants":[{"entity":{"id":"288f19a6-62f0-51fe-8e6d-366388b6b16d","slug":"beta-alanine","display_name":"Beta-alanine","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"role":"subject","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":0,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"644cc445-599f-50c6-9356-b714a5b71e9c","slug":"human-muscle-carnosine-content","display_name":"Human skeletal-muscle carnosine content","entity_type_key":"cellular_process"},"role":"target","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":1,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"9998eb9b-0d09-58c9-885b-a442477dec8d","slug":"carnosine","display_name":"L-Carnosine / beta-alanyl-L-histidine","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"role":"context_participant","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":2,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"44374451-3436-5136-a8ae-5dcc6d8c353b","slug":"histidine","display_name":"L-Histidine","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"role":"context_participant","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":3,"notes":""}]},"contexts":[{"dimension":"evidence_access","value_text":"Primary abstract","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"experimental_model","value_text":"Thirty adults; 23 days; BA 6 g/day, histidine 3.5 g/day or both.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"limitations","value_text":"Study exposures, not personal dosing guidance.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"nutrient_topic","value_text":"Carnosine collection; isomer, preparation, species, exposure and manipulation remain explicit.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":{"slug":"carnosine","display_name":"L-Carnosine / beta-alanyl-L-histidine","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"}},{"dimension":"plain_language","value_text":"More of one precursor helped; adding the other did not further raise carnosine.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"primary_references","value_text":"Effects of Histidine and β-alanine Supplementation on Human Muscle Carnosine Storage. · 2017 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28106620/ · DOI 10.1249/MSS.0000000000001213","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null}],"evidence":[{"id":"18d9ce81-5ac3-55bc-839d-70194515ac5a","evidence_kind":"source_excerpt","locator":"Lines 108-114","start_line":108,"end_line":114,"excerpt":"## carnosine-histidine-loading\nMore of one precursor helped; adding the other did not further raise carnosine.\nBeta-alanine alone or with histidine increased muscle carnosine; histidine alone did not, and the combined group did not exceed beta-alanine alone.\nModel: Thirty adults; 23 days; BA 6 g/day, histidine 3.5 g/day or both.\nLimitations: Study exposures, not personal dosing guidance.\nEvidence access: Primary abstract\nEffects of Histidine and β-alanine Supplementation on Human Muscle Carnosine Storage. · 2017 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28106620/ · DOI 10.1249/MSS.0000000000001213","model_system":"Thirty adults; 23 days; BA 6 g/day, histidine 3.5 g/day or both.","directness":"reported_statement","verification_status":"source_derived_draft","notes":"Original curation paraphrase; evidence access and experimental limitations specified.","relationship":"supports","weight":1.0,"link_notes":"","source":{"id":"87dc5af2-4eb6-5980-b7e0-bf3697b1156e","stable_key":"import-ae1ed35d-8ce7-5936-9067-a641374bbf79","title":"Carnosine: synthesis, transport, carbonyl chemistry and nutrient interactions (2026-09-19)","document_type":"imported_text","citation_label":"AI-assisted research curation; primary-abstract references and experimental limitations individually identified. 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