{"id":"54708221-80a9-594a-bbc3-14ce07163408","stable_key":"35ec55a7-323c-5c28-979e-3bdafe9d5769:preparation-scope-bilberry-extract-muth-2000","predicate":"present_in_specified_preparation","statement":"The specified preparation contains anthocyanins; its experimental effects remain attached to the actual preparation. ","claim_class":"identity","status":"source_derived_draft","evidence_grade":"ungraded","direction":"neutral","is_public":true,"mechanism_event_id":"1d49d882-d53d-5cec-910f-1d9eff16b8c2","mechanism_event_label":"The specified preparation contains anthocyanins; its experimental effects remain attached to the actual preparation. ","subject":{"id":"a1b1c9c3-cafe-5dd6-a590-f56222d3a4cc","slug":"anthocyanins","display_name":"Anthocyanins","entity_type_key":"chemical_species"},"object":{"id":"bae14266-b904-5496-8363-b2157fd4ae81","slug":"bilberry-extract-muth-2000","display_name":"Bilberry extract with 25% anthocyanosides in Muth 2000","entity_type_key":"botanical"},"evidence_count":1,"mechanism_event":{"id":"1d49d882-d53d-5cec-910f-1d9eff16b8c2","stable_key":"35ec55a7-323c-5c28-979e-3bdafe9d5769:preparation-scope-bilberry-extract-muth-2000-event","event_type":"preparation_composition","label":"The specified preparation contains anthocyanins; its experimental effects remain attached to the actual preparation. ","description":"**Controlled human night-vision results were negative.** A 15-man crossover trial used 160 mg bilberry extract containing 25% anthocyanosides three times daily for 21 days, with a washout and crossover. Night visual acuity and contrast sensitivity did not improve versus placebo. This constrains that preparation in healthy young men; it is not a finding about all eye diseases. Wartime anecdotes are not substitutes for this comparison. [Muth et al., 2000](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10767671/).","status":"provisional","compartment":null,"participants":[{"entity":{"id":"a1b1c9c3-cafe-5dd6-a590-f56222d3a4cc","slug":"anthocyanins","display_name":"Anthocyanins","entity_type_key":"chemical_species"},"role":"tested factor","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"as reported","sequence_order":0,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"bae14266-b904-5496-8363-b2157fd4ae81","slug":"bilberry-extract-muth-2000","display_name":"Bilberry extract with 25% anthocyanosides in Muth 2000","entity_type_key":"botanical"},"role":"measured outcome","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"not_reported","sequence_order":1,"notes":""}]},"contexts":[{"dimension":"evidence_access","value_text":"Primary indexed abstract reviewed; full methods, figures, exact doses or endpoint-specific species assignments may remain unextracted.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"experimental_model","value_text":"Preparation identity/scope; not isolated class causation.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"interpretation_status","value_text":"Source-derived extraction of a fact-checked reference; access is explicit, not independent raw-data verification.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"limitations","value_text":"A food or extract contains other constituents. Membership is a navigation link and does not transfer its findings to isolated anthocyanins.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"plain_language","value_text":"The specified preparation contains anthocyanins; its experimental effects remain attached to the actual preparation. ","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"primary_references","value_text":"The effect of bilberry nutritional supplementation on night visual acuity and contrast sensitivity. | 2000 | PMID 10767671 | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10767671/","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"source_locator","value_text":"Reviewed reference lines 98-98; exact primary location described in quoted passage where extracted.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null}],"evidence":[{"id":"8d1c82a2-3fce-519e-8d26-c7128a48a7ec","evidence_kind":"source_excerpt","locator":"Lines 98-98","start_line":98,"end_line":98,"excerpt":"**Controlled human night-vision results were negative.** A 15-man crossover trial used 160 mg bilberry extract containing 25% anthocyanosides three times daily for 21 days, with a washout and crossover. Night visual acuity and contrast sensitivity did not improve versus placebo. This constrains that preparation in healthy young men; it is not a finding about all eye diseases. Wartime anecdotes are not substitutes for this comparison. [Muth et al., 2000](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10767671/).","model_system":"Preparation identity/scope; not isolated class causation.","directness":"reported_statement","verification_status":"source_derived_draft","notes":"Exact excerpt of the retained AI-assisted reviewed reference; primary sources are cited in primary_references and access scope is retained. Not a verbatim quotation from a primary paper.","relationship":"supports","weight":1.0,"link_notes":"","source":{"id":"b08e7f7d-4d34-56d7-a185-2124f8d72b3c","stable_key":"import-35ec55a7-323c-5c28-979e-3bdafe9d5769","title":"Anthocyanins: detailed mechanisms of action (reviewed 4 October 2026)","document_type":"imported_text","citation_label":"Original AI-assisted review of primary studies and, where relevant, official regulatory records. Access level is retained per claim. Corrections, null results and unresolved questions remain explicit. Not publisher full text or independent replication.","file_path":"","sha256":"7cff1a47fbd9c625412b84162b1c823004b4162b7c009f9a11d5807fb8e04ef9","revision_id":"1bd4fa42-bfeb-5148-8250-fc363d8c1de0","review_status":"unverified_draft","notes":""}}],"relations":[],"conflicts":[],"corrections":[],"research":null}