{"id":"50e2243a-cb71-5b99-b172-be6a8203f109","stable_key":"b7798a90-72a3-5454-a321-c4be88bf0cc4:lithium-glutamate-chronic","predicate":"chronically_increases","statement":"Chronic lithium treatment increased synaptosomal glutamate uptake in mice at a reported blood lithium level of 0.7 mM.","claim_class":"mechanistic","status":"source_derived_draft","evidence_grade":"ungraded","direction":"positive","is_public":true,"mechanism_event_id":"34c64b0e-4e49-5488-b1e4-abcf0b1b2e76","mechanism_event_label":"Longer exposure produced an opposite uptake response.","subject":{"id":"13b4b09c-4581-58f6-9792-9a78125963e8","slug":"lithium-ion","display_name":"Lithium ion (Li+)","entity_type_key":"ion"},"object":{"id":"f75ea221-a9bd-5ce1-8525-0781e274558f","slug":"mouse-cortical-glutamate-uptake","display_name":"Mouse cortical presynaptic glutamate uptake","entity_type_key":"cellular_process"},"evidence_count":1,"mechanism_event":{"id":"34c64b0e-4e49-5488-b1e4-abcf0b1b2e76","stable_key":"b7798a90-72a3-5454-a321-c4be88bf0cc4:lithium-glutamate-chronic-event","event_type":"observed_relationship","label":"Longer exposure produced an opposite uptake response.","description":"Chronic lithium treatment increased synaptosomal glutamate uptake in mice at a reported blood lithium level of 0.7 mM.","status":"provisional","compartment":null,"participants":[{"entity":{"id":"13b4b09c-4581-58f6-9792-9a78125963e8","slug":"lithium-ion","display_name":"Lithium ion (Li+)","entity_type_key":"ion"},"role":"subject","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":0,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"f75ea221-a9bd-5ce1-8525-0781e274558f","slug":"mouse-cortical-glutamate-uptake","display_name":"Mouse cortical presynaptic glutamate uptake","entity_type_key":"cellular_process"},"role":"target","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":1,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"8e2e3902-5e26-52e3-9c85-1d7c0ace1637","slug":"lithium","display_name":"Lithium","entity_type_key":"nutrient_element"},"role":"context_participant","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":2,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"7da684a4-2641-5bc6-93ae-8c6aa384e487","slug":"glutamate","display_name":"L-Glutamate","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"role":"context_participant","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":3,"notes":""}]},"contexts":[{"dimension":"evidence_access","value_text":"Primary abstract","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"experimental_model","value_text":"Mice treated in vivo, followed by synaptosome assays.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"limitations","value_text":"A duration-dependent difference explained in the same paper, not an unresolved contradiction.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"nutrient_topic","value_text":"Lithium collection; molecular form, preparation, species, exposure and manipulation remain explicit.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":{"slug":"lithium","display_name":"Lithium","entity_type_key":"nutrient_element"}},{"dimension":"plain_language","value_text":"Longer exposure produced an opposite uptake response.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"primary_references","value_text":"Lithium acutely inhibits and chronically up-regulates and stabilizes glutamate uptake by presynaptic nerve endings in mouse cerebral cortex. · 1998 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9653192/ · DOI 10.1073/pnas.95.14.8363","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null}],"evidence":[{"id":"d6b6ffd1-7e74-59b9-92b0-4accb004adc3","evidence_kind":"source_excerpt","locator":"Lines 240-246","start_line":240,"end_line":246,"excerpt":"## lithium-glutamate-chronic\nLonger exposure produced an opposite uptake response.\nChronic lithium treatment increased synaptosomal glutamate uptake in mice at a reported blood lithium level of 0.7 mM.\nModel: Mice treated in vivo, followed by synaptosome assays.\nLimitations: A duration-dependent difference explained in the same paper, not an unresolved contradiction.\nEvidence access: Primary abstract\nLithium acutely inhibits and chronically up-regulates and stabilizes glutamate uptake by presynaptic nerve endings in mouse cerebral cortex. · 1998 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9653192/ · DOI 10.1073/pnas.95.14.8363","model_system":"Mice treated in vivo, followed by synaptosome assays.","directness":"reported_statement","verification_status":"source_derived_draft","notes":"Original curation paraphrase; 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