{"id":"4daa5592-0995-5f8d-9adb-c5e5d1290932","stable_key":"27e0c1cf-7726-5164-8b15-27a631584cd0:choline-bitartrate-platelets","predicate":"increases","statement":"All three bitartrate-containing arms increased platelet reactivity, p<0.01.","claim_class":"observational","status":"source_derived_draft","evidence_grade":"ungraded","direction":"context_dependent","is_public":true,"mechanism_event_id":"0fc26d60-407b-5583-91a1-eb60498414c4","mechanism_event_label":"The platelet assay also changed; clinical clotting events were not tested.","subject":{"id":"045901b0-d81b-5488-8f47-afcf479aa6b7","slug":"choline-bitartrate","display_name":"Choline bitartrate","entity_type_key":"chemical_species"},"object":{"id":"548d3e90-7eb1-5ec1-bde7-dd623b910c77","slug":"human-platelet-aggregometry","display_name":"Human platelet reactivity by aggregometry","entity_type_key":"cellular_process"},"evidence_count":1,"mechanism_event":{"id":"0fc26d60-407b-5583-91a1-eb60498414c4","stable_key":"27e0c1cf-7726-5164-8b15-27a631584cd0:choline-bitartrate-platelets-event","event_type":"observed_intervention","label":"The platelet assay also changed; clinical clotting events were not tested.","description":"All three bitartrate-containing arms increased platelet reactivity, p<0.01.","status":"provisional","compartment":null,"participants":[{"entity":{"id":"045901b0-d81b-5488-8f47-afcf479aa6b7","slug":"choline-bitartrate","display_name":"Choline bitartrate","entity_type_key":"chemical_species"},"role":"subject","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":0,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"548d3e90-7eb1-5ec1-bde7-dd623b910c77","slug":"human-platelet-aggregometry","display_name":"Human platelet reactivity by aggregometry","entity_type_key":"cellular_process"},"role":"target","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":1,"notes":""}]},"contexts":[{"dimension":"evidence_span","value_text":"{\"source_cache\": \"artifacts/choline-research/33872583.abstract.txt\", \"locator\": \"Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets\", \"file_sha256\": \"b118e4fcf38f6ecdd6a982baef3e58cf39eb2bc87e67cad9fb9b55866a96c6ac\", \"start_char\": 0, \"end_char\": 1740, \"text_sha256\": \"b118e4fcf38f6ecdd6a982baef3e58cf39eb2bc87e67cad9fb9b55866a96c6ac\"}","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"experimental_model","value_text":"Five-arm randomized four-week choline-form intervention","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"exposure","value_text":"Eggs, choline bitartrate, eggs plus bitartrate, egg whites plus bitartrate, or PC supplements","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"limitations","value_text":"Fasting TMAO and platelet assays, not cardiovascular events. Acute post-meal tracing and four-week fasting results are not the same endpoint.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"nutrient_topic","value_text":"Choline research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":{"slug":"choline","display_name":"Choline","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"}},{"dimension":"organism","value_text":"Human","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"plain_language","value_text":"The platelet assay also changed; clinical clotting events were not tested.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"primary_references","value_text":"[choline-p33872583] Dietary Choline Supplements, but Not Eggs, Raise Fasting TMAO Levels in Participants with Normal Renal Function: A Randomized Clinical Trial. (2021). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33872583/ DOI: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2021.03.016","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"tissue_or_cell_type","value_text":"82 healthy volunteers with normal renal function","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null}],"evidence":[{"id":"f87902fb-1d0e-5bd8-bdef-edbf4fd83c73","evidence_kind":"source_excerpt","locator":"Lines 1192-1203","start_line":1192,"end_line":1203,"excerpt":"### choline-bitartrate-platelets\nAll three bitartrate-containing arms increased platelet reactivity, p<0.01.\nCondition category: normal\nnutrient_topic: Choline research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect.\nplain_language: The platelet assay also changed; clinical clotting events were not tested.\norganism: Human\ntissue_or_cell_type: 82 healthy volunteers with normal renal function\nexperimental_model: Five-arm randomized four-week choline-form intervention\nlimitations: Fasting TMAO and platelet assays, not cardiovascular events. Acute post-meal tracing and four-week fasting results are not the same endpoint.\nexposure: Eggs, choline bitartrate, eggs plus bitartrate, egg whites plus bitartrate, or PC supplements\nevidence_span: {\"source_cache\": \"artifacts/choline-research/33872583.abstract.txt\", \"locator\": \"Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets\", \"file_sha256\": \"b118e4fcf38f6ecdd6a982baef3e58cf39eb2bc87e67cad9fb9b55866a96c6ac\", \"start_char\": 0, \"end_char\": 1740, \"text_sha256\": \"b118e4fcf38f6ecdd6a982baef3e58cf39eb2bc87e67cad9fb9b55866a96c6ac\"}\n[choline-p33872583] Dietary Choline Supplements, but Not Eggs, Raise Fasting TMAO Levels in Participants with Normal Renal Function: A Randomized Clinical Trial. 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