{"id":"4cbf4b31-17a5-55ef-a67b-fd154403aea9","stable_key":"c836a883-ac18-5eb2-9971-2f0b542feba8:ams-garlic-nonenteric-lawson-2018","predicate":"reported_relationship","statement":"The tested preparation gave 80-111% relative breath AMS exposure versus homogenized raw garlic.","claim_class":"observational","status":"source_recorded","evidence_grade":"ungraded","direction":"neutral","is_public":true,"mechanism_event_id":"cb907552-1c4e-550a-9b6e-fbdb98e66f1d","mechanism_event_label":"The tested preparation gave 80-111% relative breath AMS exposure versus homogenized raw garlic.","subject":{"id":"0e2d7b16-bb90-587c-8a9c-31db42d7e33a","slug":"garlic-nonenteric-lawson-2018","display_name":"Non-enteric garlic tablets in the 2018 breath study","entity_type_key":"botanical"},"object":{"id":"52436a6f-13ce-50db-91c0-05e2015b2fda","slug":"human-breath-ams-auc","display_name":"Human breath allyl-methyl-sulfide exposure over 32 hours","entity_type_key":"cellular_process"},"evidence_count":1,"mechanism_event":{"id":"cb907552-1c4e-550a-9b6e-fbdb98e66f1d","stable_key":"c836a883-ac18-5eb2-9971-2f0b542feba8:ams-garlic-nonenteric-lawson-2018-event","event_type":"experimental_observation","label":"The tested preparation gave 80-111% relative breath AMS exposure versus homogenized raw garlic.","description":"**Human breath measurements.** Lawson and Hunsaker compared preparations using thirty-two-hour breath allyl methyl sulfide (AMS) exposure in thirteen participants. Their relative results were 80–111% for tested non-enteric tablets, 36–104% for enteric tablets, and 22–57% for enteric products with high-protein meals, relative to homogenized raw garlic. These percentages are not absolute bioavailability of intact plasma allicin. The study also found contributions from SAC-related precursors to AMS, particularly relevant to preparations with inhibited alliinase. Thus AMS is a useful preparation-comparison marker with chemical-origin limitations. Enteric coating is not automatically superior. Meal effects, disintegration, enzyme activity, and the assay all matter. [Lawson and Hunsaker 2018](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6073756/)","status":"provisional","compartment":null,"participants":[{"entity":{"id":"0e2d7b16-bb90-587c-8a9c-31db42d7e33a","slug":"garlic-nonenteric-lawson-2018","display_name":"Non-enteric garlic tablets in the 2018 breath study","entity_type_key":"botanical"},"role":"tested factor","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"as reported","sequence_order":0,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"52436a6f-13ce-50db-91c0-05e2015b2fda","slug":"human-breath-ams-auc","display_name":"Human breath allyl-methyl-sulfide exposure over 32 hours","entity_type_key":"cellular_process"},"role":"measured outcome","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"not_reported","sequence_order":1,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"7aec879b-9914-5462-8bc5-463a3fd07e0c","slug":"raw-garlic-lawson-2018","display_name":"Homogenized raw garlic reference in the 2018 breath study","entity_type_key":"botanical"},"role":"reference preparation","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":2,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"e11cd784-575b-517a-8909-f382bdfce7f5","slug":"allyl-methyl-sulfide","display_name":"Allyl methyl sulfide / AMS","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"role":"measured metabolite","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":3,"notes":""}]},"contexts":[{"dimension":"evidence_access","value_text":"Primary full text available; selected claim-relevant methods, results, tables/figures and limitations reviewed. Supplemental proteome and all secondary findings are not exhaustively extracted.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"experimental_model","value_text":"Thirteen participants across preparation comparisons; 32-hour breath metabolite AUC.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"interpretation_status","value_text":"Source-derived extraction of a fact-checked reference; access is explicit, not independent raw-data verification.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"limitations","value_text":"Indirect relative marker; not percent intact allicin entering blood or efficacy equivalence.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"plain_language","value_text":"The tested preparation gave 80-111% relative breath AMS exposure versus homogenized raw garlic.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"primary_references","value_text":"Allicin Bioavailability and Bioequivalence from Garlic Supplements and Garlic Foods. | 2018 | DOI 10.3390/nu10070812 | PMID 29937536 | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29937536/ | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6073756/ | https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10070812","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"source_locator","value_text":"Reviewed reference lines 29-29; exact primary location described in quoted passage where extracted.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null}],"evidence":[{"id":"8b56b350-b481-5a74-96b7-212b942bad23","evidence_kind":"source_excerpt","locator":"Lines 29-29","start_line":29,"end_line":29,"excerpt":"**Human breath measurements.** Lawson and Hunsaker compared preparations using thirty-two-hour breath allyl methyl sulfide (AMS) exposure in thirteen participants. Their relative results were 80–111% for tested non-enteric tablets, 36–104% for enteric tablets, and 22–57% for enteric products with high-protein meals, relative to homogenized raw garlic. These percentages are not absolute bioavailability of intact plasma allicin. The study also found contributions from SAC-related precursors to AMS, particularly relevant to preparations with inhibited alliinase. Thus AMS is a useful preparation-comparison marker with chemical-origin limitations. Enteric coating is not automatically superior. Meal effects, disintegration, enzyme activity, and the assay all matter. 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