{"id":"4be08bb2-a228-5d4b-b12e-7bb6172a76a5","stable_key":"ff370329-68a3-573d-96ee-597de78a3967:api-human-phagocytosis","predicate":"increases_in_recorded_comparison","statement":"Apigenin increased bacterial phagocytosis in differentiated human THP-1 macrophages.","claim_class":"observational","status":"source_recorded","evidence_grade":"ungraded","direction":"positive","is_public":true,"mechanism_event_id":"9491563b-5ba5-5cd5-991a-22c4be79716d","mechanism_event_label":"Apigenin increased bacterial phagocytosis in differentiated human THP-1 macrophages.","subject":{"id":"4425961f-4764-56d3-9887-87e47749379b","slug":"apigenin","display_name":"Apigenin","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"object":{"id":"18eae6fd-6a37-569e-89ed-72088360a611","slug":"human-apigenin-macrophage-phagocytosis","display_name":"Human macrophage bacterial phagocytosis in the apigenin study","entity_type_key":"cellular_process"},"evidence_count":1,"mechanism_event":{"id":"9491563b-5ba5-5cd5-991a-22c4be79716d","stable_key":"ff370329-68a3-573d-96ee-597de78a3967:api-human-phagocytosis-event","event_type":"experimental_observation","label":"Apigenin increased bacterial phagocytosis in differentiated human THP-1 macrophages.","description":"### api-human-phagocytosis\n\nApigenin increased bacterial phagocytosis in differentiated human THP-1 macrophages.\nHuman cell-line evidence is not a human infection-outcome trial.\nModel and exposure: THP1-derived macrophages; apigenin treatment followed by E. coli stimulation.\nLimitations: Limited to the recorded preparation, model, exposure and endpoint. Does not establish a human dietary deficiency, clinical benefit or unique molecular mediation.\nReference: Aging-induced Alternation in the Gut Microbiota Impairs Host Antibacterial Defense. | 2025 | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39792643/ | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11948050/ | https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.202411008 | Access: Primary full text: relevant Results/Methods and figure descriptions reviewed; supplements only where explicitly stated.","status":"provisional","compartment":null,"participants":[{"entity":{"id":"4425961f-4764-56d3-9887-87e47749379b","slug":"apigenin","display_name":"Apigenin","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"role":"tested factor","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"Apigenin before bacterial challenge","sequence_order":0,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"18eae6fd-6a37-569e-89ed-72088360a611","slug":"human-apigenin-macrophage-phagocytosis","display_name":"Human macrophage bacterial phagocytosis in the apigenin study","entity_type_key":"cellular_process"},"role":"measured outcome","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"increase","sequence_order":1,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"99aac4ea-e5c3-50f3-8a21-0e954d4ba72d","slug":"human-fgr","display_name":"Human tyrosine-protein kinase FGR","entity_type_key":"protein"},"role":"associated candidate mediator","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":2,"notes":""}]},"contexts":[{"dimension":"evidence_access","value_text":"Primary full text: relevant Results/Methods and figure descriptions reviewed; supplements only where explicitly stated.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"experimental_contrast","value_text":"{\"intervention\": \"Apigenin before bacterial challenge\", \"comparator\": \"DMSO control\", \"endpoint\": \"Apigenin increased bacterial phagocytosis in differentiated human THP-1 macrophages.\", \"effect_direction\": \"increase\", \"combination\": \"single\", \"conditions\": []}","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"Explicit extracted experimental comparison; recorded from source.","entity":null},{"dimension":"experimental_model","value_text":"THP1-derived macrophages; apigenin treatment followed by E. coli stimulation.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"interpretation_status","value_text":"Recorded from source with stated access limits; ungraded, not independent replication.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"limitations","value_text":"Limited to the recorded preparation, model, exposure and endpoint. Does not establish a human dietary deficiency, clinical benefit or unique molecular mediation.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"nutrient_topic","value_text":"Apigenin collection; exact intervention and molecular form govern interpretation.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":{"slug":"apigenin","display_name":"Apigenin","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"}},{"dimension":"plain_language","value_text":"Apigenin increased bacterial phagocytosis in differentiated human THP-1 macrophages.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"primary_references","value_text":"Aging-induced Alternation in the Gut Microbiota Impairs Host Antibacterial Defense. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39792643/ | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11948050/ | https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.202411008","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"source_locator","value_text":"Reviewed reference api-human-phagocytosis; Human cell-line evidence is not a human infection-outcome trial.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null}],"evidence":[{"id":"e337b4a6-f63f-5bb4-b058-dc6e2f1df903","evidence_kind":"source_excerpt","locator":"Lines 448-454","start_line":448,"end_line":454,"excerpt":"### api-human-phagocytosis\n\nApigenin increased bacterial phagocytosis in differentiated human THP-1 macrophages.\nHuman cell-line evidence is not a human infection-outcome trial.\nModel and exposure: THP1-derived macrophages; apigenin treatment followed by E. coli stimulation.\nLimitations: Limited to the recorded preparation, model, exposure and endpoint. Does not establish a human dietary deficiency, clinical benefit or unique molecular mediation.\nReference: Aging-induced Alternation in the Gut Microbiota Impairs Host Antibacterial Defense. | 2025 | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39792643/ | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11948050/ | https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.202411008 | Access: Primary full text: relevant Results/Methods and figure descriptions reviewed; supplements only where explicitly stated.","model_system":"THP1-derived macrophages; apigenin treatment followed by E. coli stimulation.","directness":"reported_statement","verification_status":"source_recorded","notes":"Original paraphrase in the retained reviewed reference, not a verbatim primary-paper quotation. Access level is explicit.","relationship":"supports","weight":1.0,"link_notes":"","source":{"id":"54eac90b-add1-5f56-9036-d900307c5697","stable_key":"import-ff370329-68a3-573d-96ee-597de78a3967","title":"Apigenin: detailed mechanisms of action (reviewed 10 October 2026)","document_type":"imported_text","citation_label":"AI-assisted original curation of primary studies; claim-local access and experimental limitations stated. Includes original-draft correction history. No independent replication claimed.","file_path":"","sha256":"ede6e5c6b91d66b66844f2ff667a7f8303d9ac1281f15dc09db703f7de4da942","revision_id":"b41a39a2-0197-549c-97a5-1765e6696931","review_status":"source_recorded","notes":""}}],"relations":[],"conflicts":[],"corrections":[],"research":null}