{"id":"4b014050-ab3b-56c2-82d5-bca5e5a42583","stable_key":"10aa417f-4b03-599f-a453-4aa09edeb27c:alanine-ampk-mouse-glucose","predicate":"improves_tested","statement":"Acute oral alanine at roughly 1–1.5 g/kg improved glucose tolerance in the studied chow- and high-fat-fed mice; reduced AMPK activity attenuated efficacy in the tested model.","claim_class":"mechanistic","status":"source_derived_draft","evidence_grade":"ungraded","direction":"context_dependent","is_public":true,"mechanism_event_id":"7b692a25-e4b6-57e6-a827-09bf61957df2","mechanism_event_label":"Whole-body glucose responses can differ from the simple prediction that a glucose precursor must raise glucose.","subject":{"id":"ebdc4461-c059-563e-88b0-422c21fdaa25","slug":"alanine","display_name":"L-Alanine","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"object":{"id":"19a17d1d-61dc-5e4e-82b2-e4b32062ef21","slug":"mouse-alanine-glucose-tolerance","display_name":"Glucose tolerance after alanine gavage in mice","entity_type_key":"cellular_process"},"evidence_count":1,"mechanism_event":{"id":"7b692a25-e4b6-57e6-a827-09bf61957df2","stable_key":"10aa417f-4b03-599f-a453-4aa09edeb27c:alanine-ampk-mouse-glucose-event","event_type":"observed_relationship","label":"Whole-body glucose responses can differ from the simple prediction that a glucose precursor must raise glucose.","description":"Acute oral alanine at roughly 1–1.5 g/kg improved glucose tolerance in the studied chow- and high-fat-fed mice; reduced AMPK activity attenuated efficacy in the tested model.","status":"provisional","compartment":null,"participants":[{"entity":{"id":"ebdc4461-c059-563e-88b0-422c21fdaa25","slug":"alanine","display_name":"L-Alanine","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"role":"subject","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":0,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"19a17d1d-61dc-5e4e-82b2-e4b32062ef21","slug":"mouse-alanine-glucose-tolerance","display_name":"Glucose tolerance after alanine gavage in mice","entity_type_key":"cellular_process"},"role":"target","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":1,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"8ae7848b-f172-5e09-8acf-5ca914907b0b","slug":"glucose","display_name":"D-glucose","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"role":"context_participant","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":2,"notes":""}]},"contexts":[{"dimension":"evidence_access","value_text":"Primary full text","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"experimental_model","value_text":"Mouse acute gavage and glucose-tolerance experiments.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"limitations","value_text":"High animal exposure; hepatic AMPK was not established as the sole cause, and human oral efficacy was not tested.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"nutrient_topic","value_text":"L-Alanine collection; species, compartment, exposure, co-substrates and manipulation remain explicit.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":{"slug":"alanine","display_name":"L-Alanine","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"}},{"dimension":"plain_language","value_text":"Whole-body glucose responses can differ from the simple prediction that a glucose precursor must raise glucose.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"primary_references","value_text":"l-Alanine activates hepatic AMP-activated protein kinase and modulates systemic glucose metabolism. · 2018 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30190193/ · DOI 10.1016/j.molmet.2018.08.002","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null}],"evidence":[{"id":"c3cbec42-bbc5-5632-96cc-4cd4c57b8ace","evidence_kind":"source_excerpt","locator":"Lines 288-294","start_line":288,"end_line":294,"excerpt":"## alanine-ampk-mouse-glucose\nWhole-body glucose responses can differ from the simple prediction that a glucose precursor must raise glucose.\nAcute oral alanine at roughly 1–1.5 g/kg improved glucose tolerance in the studied chow- and high-fat-fed mice; reduced AMPK activity attenuated efficacy in the tested model.\nModel: Mouse acute gavage and glucose-tolerance experiments.\nLimitations: High animal exposure; hepatic AMPK was not established as the sole cause, and human oral efficacy was not tested.\nEvidence access: Primary full text\nl-Alanine activates hepatic AMP-activated protein kinase and modulates systemic glucose metabolism. · 2018 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30190193/ · DOI 10.1016/j.molmet.2018.08.002","model_system":"Mouse acute gavage and glucose-tolerance experiments.","directness":"reported_statement","verification_status":"source_derived_draft","notes":"Original curation paraphrase; evidence access and experimental limitations specified.","relationship":"supports","weight":1.0,"link_notes":"","source":{"id":"01c5554c-a8ba-5c86-9b01-a0fa1a886cdb","stable_key":"import-10aa417f-4b03-599f-a453-4aa09edeb27c","title":"L-Alanine: carbon, nitrogen, protein synthesis and cross-nutrient mechanisms (2026-09-19)","document_type":"imported_text","citation_label":"AI-assisted research curation; primary references, access levels and experimental limitations individually identified. 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