{"id":"4af6d5ec-b9b8-58cf-8bbd-e82e5b81bb45","stable_key":"31b1baa4-4113-5541-b9e7-fe44a5253a07:pig-immune","predicate":"reported_relationship","statement":"Pig plasma complement/immunoglobulin changes correlated with shikimic-acid concentration.","claim_class":"observational","status":"source_derived_draft","evidence_grade":"ungraded","direction":"neutral","is_public":true,"mechanism_event_id":"b41bea77-74f8-508e-91c9-78aee19d0078","mechanism_event_label":"Pig plasma complement/immunoglobulin changes correlated with shikimic-acid concentration.","subject":{"id":"67ad4a8f-1bf6-59e5-90a6-97b7709024d3","slug":"shikimic-acid","display_name":"Shikimic acid","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"object":{"id":"f43c0ee3-09b1-5953-b7c1-53d6fa1b5e2e","slug":"pig-sa-plasma-immune-proteins","display_name":"Pig plasma complement and immunoglobulin concentration changes after shikimic acid","entity_type_key":"cellular_process"},"evidence_count":1,"mechanism_event":{"id":"b41bea77-74f8-508e-91c9-78aee19d0078","stable_key":"31b1baa4-4113-5541-b9e7-fe44a5253a07:pig-immune-event","event_type":"experimental_observation","label":"Pig plasma complement/immunoglobulin changes correlated with shikimic-acid concentration.","description":"**Pig exposure is not a human pharmacokinetic estimate.** In a six-pig crossover study, 50 mg/kg intragastric shikimic acid produced Cmax 10823.44 ng/mL (calculated 62.15 µM), Tmax 1.78 h and half-life 1.81 h. With a 2 mg/kg intravenous comparator, estimated bioavailability was 21.68%; intravenous half-life was 3.66 h. Rapid plasma C3, C4 and immunoglobulin changes correlated with drug concentration. This is not proof of new antibody synthesis or improved infection resistance. PK–PD fits to healthy pigs cannot supply an effective human dose. [Pharmacokinetic-Pharmacodynamic Modeling of the Immune-Enhancing Effect of Shikimic Acid in Growing Pigs.](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39542831/)","status":"provisional","compartment":null,"participants":[{"entity":{"id":"67ad4a8f-1bf6-59e5-90a6-97b7709024d3","slug":"shikimic-acid","display_name":"Shikimic acid","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"role":"tested factor","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"as reported","sequence_order":0,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"f43c0ee3-09b1-5953-b7c1-53d6fa1b5e2e","slug":"pig-sa-plasma-immune-proteins","display_name":"Pig plasma complement and immunoglobulin concentration changes after shikimic acid","entity_type_key":"cellular_process"},"role":"measured outcome","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"not_reported","sequence_order":1,"notes":""}]},"contexts":[{"dimension":"evidence_access","value_text":"Primary full text retrieved; relevant methods/results/figures reviewed. Selective extraction, not raw-data reanalysis or exhaustive supplemental extraction.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"experimental_model","value_text":"Single-dose healthy-pig time-course and PK–PD association.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"interpretation_status","value_text":"Source-derived extraction of a fact-checked reference; access is explicit, not independent raw-data verification.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"limitations","value_text":"Not proof of new antibody synthesis or infection protection; no human dose inference.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"plain_language","value_text":"Pig plasma complement/immunoglobulin changes correlated with shikimic-acid concentration.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"primary_references","value_text":"Pharmacokinetic-Pharmacodynamic Modeling of the Immune-Enhancing Effect of Shikimic Acid in Growing Pigs. | 2024 | DOI 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c09250 | PMID 39542831 | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39542831/ | https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.4c09250 | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11613447/","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"source_locator","value_text":"Reviewed reference lines 49-49; exact primary location described in quoted passage where extracted.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null}],"evidence":[{"id":"7bdea4a2-e48d-5e18-b48f-03124fd8c010","evidence_kind":"source_excerpt","locator":"Lines 49-49","start_line":49,"end_line":49,"excerpt":"**Pig exposure is not a human pharmacokinetic estimate.** In a six-pig crossover study, 50 mg/kg intragastric shikimic acid produced Cmax 10823.44 ng/mL (calculated 62.15 µM), Tmax 1.78 h and half-life 1.81 h. With a 2 mg/kg intravenous comparator, estimated bioavailability was 21.68%; intravenous half-life was 3.66 h. Rapid plasma C3, C4 and immunoglobulin changes correlated with drug concentration. This is not proof of new antibody synthesis or improved infection resistance. PK–PD fits to healthy pigs cannot supply an effective human dose. [Pharmacokinetic-Pharmacodynamic Modeling of the Immune-Enhancing Effect of Shikimic Acid in Growing Pigs.](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39542831/)","model_system":"Single-dose healthy-pig time-course and PK–PD association.","directness":"reported_statement","verification_status":"source_derived_draft","notes":"Exact excerpt of the retained AI-assisted reviewed reference; primary sources are cited in primary_references and access scope is retained. 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