{"id":"48f34e91-e75b-5caf-a2a3-f041d95d3d42","stable_key":"6660bba2-4fa0-590a-bf52-9803a24bea9f:chemical-identity","predicate":"reported_relationship","statement":"Modafinil is a sulfoxide-containing racemate; armodafinil is its R enantiomer. These are distinct drug identities, not interchangeable exposure profiles.","claim_class":"identity","status":"source_recorded","evidence_grade":"ungraded","direction":"neutral","is_public":true,"mechanism_event_id":"1506e186-f3dc-5271-a232-124d91fefc6a","mechanism_event_label":"Modafinil is a sulfoxide-containing racemate; armodafinil is its R enantiomer. These are distinct drug identities, not interchangeable exposure profiles.","subject":{"id":"624e6a4b-f96d-5d12-8206-30d1e1715c26","slug":"modafinil","display_name":"Modafinil","entity_type_key":"drug"},"object":{"id":"a61c79bf-b0f9-5c6e-a465-2e210f77a5ac","slug":"armodafinil","display_name":"Armodafinil / R-modafinil","entity_type_key":"drug"},"evidence_count":1,"mechanism_event":{"id":"1506e186-f3dc-5271-a232-124d91fefc6a","stable_key":"6660bba2-4fa0-590a-bf52-9803a24bea9f:chemical-identity-event","event_type":"experimental_observation","label":"Modafinil is a sulfoxide-containing racemate; armodafinil is its R enantiomer. These are distinct drug identities, not interchangeable exposure profiles.","description":"Modafinil contains R and S enantiomers; **armodafinil is R-modafinil**. Both affect DAT, but do not have identical pharmacology. In a human-DAT cell assay, the R form had approximately threefold higher binding affinity than the S form. Keep racemate, enantiomers and experimental analogues separately identified. [Enantiomer study](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22537794/)","status":"provisional","compartment":null,"participants":[{"entity":{"id":"624e6a4b-f96d-5d12-8206-30d1e1715c26","slug":"modafinil","display_name":"Modafinil","entity_type_key":"drug"},"role":"tested factor","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"as reported","sequence_order":0,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"a61c79bf-b0f9-5c6e-a465-2e210f77a5ac","slug":"armodafinil","display_name":"Armodafinil / R-modafinil","entity_type_key":"drug"},"role":"measured outcome","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"not_reported","sequence_order":1,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"40c093ed-e736-5927-aecb-711a301b235a","slug":"s-modafinil","display_name":"S-modafinil","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"role":"S enantiomer","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":2,"notes":""}]},"contexts":[{"dimension":"evidence_access","value_text":"Primary abstract and PMC full-text methods, results and Table 1 inspected; XML endpoint unavailable.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"experimental_model","value_text":"Chemical stereoisomers; human-DAT assay results kept separate.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"interpretation_status","value_text":"Source-derived extraction of a fact-checked reference; access is explicit, not independent raw-data verification.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"limitations","value_text":"Interpret only within the recorded preparation, exposure and comparator. The complete source passage retains qualifications; unspecified doses/timing have not been extracted here. No clinical efficacy, nutrient deficiency or unique molecular mediation is inferred.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"plain_language","value_text":"Modafinil is a sulfoxide-containing racemate; armodafinil is its R enantiomer. These are distinct drug identities, not interchangeable exposure profiles.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"primary_references","value_text":"R-modafinil (armodafinil): a unique dopamine uptake inhibitor and potential medication for psychostimulant abuse. | 2012 | DOI 10.1016/j.biopsych.2012.03.022 | PMID 22537794 | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3413742/ | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22537794/","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"source_locator","value_text":"Reviewed reference lines 17-17; exact primary location described in quoted passage where extracted.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null}],"evidence":[{"id":"41f48fe4-2ef4-5e8f-bd5f-2acdacfbad03","evidence_kind":"source_excerpt","locator":"Lines 17-17","start_line":17,"end_line":17,"excerpt":"Modafinil contains R and S enantiomers; **armodafinil is R-modafinil**. Both affect DAT, but do not have identical pharmacology. In a human-DAT cell assay, the R form had approximately threefold higher binding affinity than the S form. Keep racemate, enantiomers and experimental analogues separately identified. [Enantiomer study](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22537794/)","model_system":"Chemical stereoisomers; human-DAT assay results kept separate.","directness":"reported_statement","verification_status":"source_recorded","notes":"Exact excerpt of the retained AI-assisted reviewed reference; primary sources are cited in primary_references and access scope is retained. Not a verbatim quotation from a primary paper.","relationship":"supports","weight":1.0,"link_notes":"","source":{"id":"17a64928-eaa2-5117-ba4f-52dcbdf9cc9e","stable_key":"import-6660bba2-4fa0-590a-bf52-9803a24bea9f","title":"Modafinil: detailed mechanisms of action (reviewed 3 October 2026)","document_type":"imported_text","citation_label":"Original AI-assisted review of primary studies and, where relevant, official regulatory records. Access level is retained per claim. Corrections, null results and unresolved questions remain explicit. Not publisher full text or independent replication.","file_path":"","sha256":"006008cb4cfd183dd3b0846d3abc66c8ebf40cf1b6bd1f0bcdb4f4d937a8e115","revision_id":"c85b3e2e-c18a-59fc-9e79-5c375e64d119","review_status":"source_recorded","notes":""}}],"relations":[],"conflicts":[],"corrections":[],"research":null}